// Components for manipulating sequences of characters -*- C++ -*-
	
	// Copyright (C) 1997-2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
	//
	// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
	// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
	// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
	// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
	// any later version.
	
	// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
	// GNU General Public License for more details.
	
	// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
	// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
	// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.
	
	// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
	// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
	// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
	// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
	
	/** @file bits/basic_string.h
	 *  This is an internal header file, included by other library headers.
	 *  Do not attempt to use it directly. @headername{string}
	 */
	
	//
	// ISO C++ 14882: 21 Strings library
	//
	
	#ifndef _BASIC_STRING_H
	#define _BASIC_STRING_H 1
	
	#pragma GCC system_header
	
	#include <ext/atomicity.h>
	#include <ext/alloc_traits.h>
	#include <debug/debug.h>
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	#include <initializer_list>
	#endif
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	# include <string_view>
	#endif
	
	
	namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
	{
	_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
	
	#if _GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
	_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CXX11
	  /**
	   *  @class basic_string basic_string.h <string>
	   *  @brief  Managing sequences of characters and character-like objects.
	   *
	   *  @ingroup strings
	   *  @ingroup sequences
	   *
	   *  @tparam _CharT  Type of character
	   *  @tparam _Traits  Traits for character type, defaults to
	   *                   char_traits<_CharT>.
	   *  @tparam _Alloc  Allocator type, defaults to allocator<_CharT>.
	   *
	   *  Meets the requirements of a <a href="tables.html#65">container</a>, a
	   *  <a href="tables.html#66">reversible container</a>, and a
	   *  <a href="tables.html#67">sequence</a>.  Of the
	   *  <a href="tables.html#68">optional sequence requirements</a>, only
	   *  @c push_back, @c at, and @c %array access are supported.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    class basic_string
	    {
	      typedef typename __gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<_Alloc>::template
		rebind<_CharT>::other _Char_alloc_type;
	      typedef __gnu_cxx::__alloc_traits<_Char_alloc_type> _Alloc_traits;
	
	      // Types:
	    public:
	      typedef _Traits					traits_type;
	      typedef typename _Traits::char_type		value_type;
	      typedef _Char_alloc_type				allocator_type;
	      typedef typename _Alloc_traits::size_type		size_type;
	      typedef typename _Alloc_traits::difference_type	difference_type;
	      typedef typename _Alloc_traits::reference		reference;
	      typedef typename _Alloc_traits::const_reference	const_reference;
	      typedef typename _Alloc_traits::pointer		pointer;
	      typedef typename _Alloc_traits::const_pointer	const_pointer;
	      typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<pointer, basic_string>  iterator;
	      typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const_pointer, basic_string>
								const_iterator;
	      typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>	const_reverse_iterator;
	      typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator>		reverse_iterator;
	
	      ///  Value returned by various member functions when they fail.
	      static const size_type	npos = static_cast<size_type>(-1);
	
	    private:
	      // type used for positions in insert, erase etc.
	#if __cplusplus < 201103L
	      typedef iterator __const_iterator;
	#else
	      typedef const_iterator __const_iterator;
	#endif
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      // A helper type for avoiding boiler-plate.
	      typedef basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits> __sv_type;
	
	      template<typename _Tp, typename _Res>
		using _If_sv = enable_if_t<
		  __and_<is_convertible<const _Tp&, __sv_type>,
			 __not_<is_convertible<const _Tp*, const basic_string*>>,
			 __not_<is_convertible<const _Tp&, const _CharT*>>>::value,
		  _Res>;
	
	      // Allows an implicit conversion to __sv_type.
	      static __sv_type
	      _S_to_string_view(__sv_type __svt) noexcept
	      { return __svt; }
	
	      // Wraps a string_view by explicit conversion and thus
	      // allows to add an internal constructor that does not
	      // participate in overload resolution when a string_view
	      // is provided.
	      struct __sv_wrapper
	      {
		explicit __sv_wrapper(__sv_type __sv) noexcept : _M_sv(__sv) { }
		__sv_type _M_sv;
	      };
	#endif
	
	      // Use empty-base optimization: http://www.cantrip.org/emptyopt.html
	      struct _Alloc_hider : allocator_type // TODO check __is_final
	      {
	#if __cplusplus < 201103L
		_Alloc_hider(pointer __dat, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
		: allocator_type(__a), _M_p(__dat) { }
	#else
		_Alloc_hider(pointer __dat, const _Alloc& __a)
		: allocator_type(__a), _M_p(__dat) { }
	
		_Alloc_hider(pointer __dat, _Alloc&& __a = _Alloc())
		: allocator_type(std::move(__a)), _M_p(__dat) { }
	#endif
	
		pointer _M_p; // The actual data.
	      };
	
	      _Alloc_hider	_M_dataplus;
	      size_type		_M_string_length;
	
	      enum { _S_local_capacity = 15 / sizeof(_CharT) };
	
	      union
	      {
		_CharT           _M_local_buf[_S_local_capacity + 1];
		size_type        _M_allocated_capacity;
	      };
	
	      void
	      _M_data(pointer __p)
	      { _M_dataplus._M_p = __p; }
	
	      void
	      _M_length(size_type __length)
	      { _M_string_length = __length; }
	
	      pointer
	      _M_data() const
	      { return _M_dataplus._M_p; }
	
	      pointer
	      _M_local_data()
	      {
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
		return std::pointer_traits<pointer>::pointer_to(*_M_local_buf);
	#else
		return pointer(_M_local_buf);
	#endif
	      }
	
	      const_pointer
	      _M_local_data() const
	      {
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
		return std::pointer_traits<const_pointer>::pointer_to(*_M_local_buf);
	#else
		return const_pointer(_M_local_buf);
	#endif
	      }
	
	      void
	      _M_capacity(size_type __capacity)
	      { _M_allocated_capacity = __capacity; }
	
	      void
	      _M_set_length(size_type __n)
	      {
		_M_length(__n);
		traits_type::assign(_M_data()[__n], _CharT());
	      }
	
	      bool
	      _M_is_local() const
	      { return _M_data() == _M_local_data(); }
	
	      // Create & Destroy
	      pointer
	      _M_create(size_type&, size_type);
	
	      void
	      _M_dispose()
	      {
		if (!_M_is_local())
		  _M_destroy(_M_allocated_capacity);
	      }
	
	      void
	      _M_destroy(size_type __size) throw()
	      { _Alloc_traits::deallocate(_M_get_allocator(), _M_data(), __size + 1); }
	
	      // _M_construct_aux is used to implement the 21.3.1 para 15 which
	      // requires special behaviour if _InIterator is an integral type
	      template<typename _InIterator>
	        void
	        _M_construct_aux(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end,
				 std::__false_type)
		{
	          typedef typename iterator_traits<_InIterator>::iterator_category _Tag;
	          _M_construct(__beg, __end, _Tag());
		}
	
	      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
	      // 438. Ambiguity in the "do the right thing" clause
	      template<typename _Integer>
	        void
	        _M_construct_aux(_Integer __beg, _Integer __end, std::__true_type)
		{ _M_construct_aux_2(static_cast<size_type>(__beg), __end); }
	
	      void
	      _M_construct_aux_2(size_type __req, _CharT __c)
	      { _M_construct(__req, __c); }
	
	      template<typename _InIterator>
	        void
	        _M_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end)
		{
		  typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InIterator>::__type _Integral;
		  _M_construct_aux(__beg, __end, _Integral());
	        }
	
	      // For Input Iterators, used in istreambuf_iterators, etc.
	      template<typename _InIterator>
	        void
	        _M_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end,
			     std::input_iterator_tag);
	
	      // For forward_iterators up to random_access_iterators, used for
	      // string::iterator, _CharT*, etc.
	      template<typename _FwdIterator>
	        void
	        _M_construct(_FwdIterator __beg, _FwdIterator __end,
			     std::forward_iterator_tag);
	
	      void
	      _M_construct(size_type __req, _CharT __c);
	
	      allocator_type&
	      _M_get_allocator()
	      { return _M_dataplus; }
	
	      const allocator_type&
	      _M_get_allocator() const
	      { return _M_dataplus; }
	
	    private:
	
	#ifdef _GLIBCXX_DISAMBIGUATE_REPLACE_INST
	      // The explicit instantiations in misc-inst.cc require this due to
	      // https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=64063
	      template<typename _Tp, bool _Requires =
		       !__are_same<_Tp, _CharT*>::__value
		       && !__are_same<_Tp, const _CharT*>::__value
		       && !__are_same<_Tp, iterator>::__value
		       && !__are_same<_Tp, const_iterator>::__value>
		struct __enable_if_not_native_iterator
		{ typedef basic_string& __type; };
	      template<typename _Tp>
		struct __enable_if_not_native_iterator<_Tp, false> { };
	#endif
	
	      size_type
	      _M_check(size_type __pos, const char* __s) const
	      {
		if (__pos > this->size())
		  __throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("%s: __pos (which is %zu) > "
					       "this->size() (which is %zu)"),
					   __s, __pos, this->size());
		return __pos;
	      }
	
	      void
	      _M_check_length(size_type __n1, size_type __n2, const char* __s) const
	      {
		if (this->max_size() - (this->size() - __n1) < __n2)
		  __throw_length_error(__N(__s));
	      }
	
	
	      // NB: _M_limit doesn't check for a bad __pos value.
	      size_type
	      _M_limit(size_type __pos, size_type __off) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		const bool __testoff =  __off < this->size() - __pos;
		return __testoff ? __off : this->size() - __pos;
	      }
	
	      // True if _Rep and source do not overlap.
	      bool
	      _M_disjunct(const _CharT* __s) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		return (less<const _CharT*>()(__s, _M_data())
			|| less<const _CharT*>()(_M_data() + this->size(), __s));
	      }
	
	      // When __n = 1 way faster than the general multichar
	      // traits_type::copy/move/assign.
	      static void
	      _S_copy(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
	      {
		if (__n == 1)
		  traits_type::assign(*__d, *__s);
		else
		  traits_type::copy(__d, __s, __n);
	      }
	
	      static void
	      _S_move(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
	      {
		if (__n == 1)
		  traits_type::assign(*__d, *__s);
		else
		  traits_type::move(__d, __s, __n);
	      }
	
	      static void
	      _S_assign(_CharT* __d, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
	      {
		if (__n == 1)
		  traits_type::assign(*__d, __c);
		else
		  traits_type::assign(__d, __n, __c);
	      }
	
	      // _S_copy_chars is a separate template to permit specialization
	      // to optimize for the common case of pointers as iterators.
	      template<class _Iterator>
	        static void
	        _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _Iterator __k1, _Iterator __k2)
	        {
		  for (; __k1 != __k2; ++__k1, (void)++__p)
		    traits_type::assign(*__p, *__k1); // These types are off.
		}
	
	      static void
	      _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, iterator __k1, iterator __k2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
	
	      static void
	      _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
	
	      static void
	      _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { _S_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
	
	      static void
	      _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { _S_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
	
	      static int
	      _S_compare(size_type __n1, size_type __n2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		const difference_type __d = difference_type(__n1 - __n2);
	
		if (__d > __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__max)
		  return __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__max;
		else if (__d < __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__min)
		  return __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__min;
		else
		  return int(__d);
	      }
	
	      void
	      _M_assign(const basic_string&);
	
	      void
	      _M_mutate(size_type __pos, size_type __len1, const _CharT* __s,
			size_type __len2);
	
	      void
	      _M_erase(size_type __pos, size_type __n);
	
	    public:
	      // Construct/copy/destroy:
	      // NB: We overload ctors in some cases instead of using default
	      // arguments, per 17.4.4.4 para. 2 item 2.
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Default constructor creates an empty string.
	       */
	      basic_string()
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT_IF(is_nothrow_default_constructible<_Alloc>::value)
	      : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data())
	      { _M_set_length(0); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct an empty string using allocator @a a.
	       */
	      explicit
	      basic_string(const _Alloc& __a) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
	      { _M_set_length(0); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct string with copy of value of @a __str.
	       *  @param  __str  Source string.
	       */
	      basic_string(const basic_string& __str)
	      : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(),
			    _Alloc_traits::_S_select_on_copy(__str._M_get_allocator()))
	      { _M_construct(__str._M_data(), __str._M_data() + __str.length()); }
	
	      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
	      // 2583. no way to supply an allocator for basic_string(str, pos)
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct string as copy of a substring.
	       *  @param  __str  Source string.
	       *  @param  __pos  Index of first character to copy from.
	       *  @param  __a  Allocator to use.
	       */
	      basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
			   const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
	      : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
	      {
		const _CharT* __start = __str._M_data()
		  + __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::basic_string");
		_M_construct(__start, __start + __str._M_limit(__pos, npos));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct string as copy of a substring.
	       *  @param  __str  Source string.
	       *  @param  __pos  Index of first character to copy from.
	       *  @param  __n  Number of characters to copy.
	       */
	      basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
			   size_type __n)
	      : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data())
	      {
		const _CharT* __start = __str._M_data()
		  + __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::basic_string");
		_M_construct(__start, __start + __str._M_limit(__pos, __n));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct string as copy of a substring.
	       *  @param  __str  Source string.
	       *  @param  __pos  Index of first character to copy from.
	       *  @param  __n  Number of characters to copy.
	       *  @param  __a  Allocator to use.
	       */
	      basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
			   size_type __n, const _Alloc& __a)
	      : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
	      {
		const _CharT* __start
		  = __str._M_data() + __str._M_check(__pos, "string::string");
		_M_construct(__start, __start + __str._M_limit(__pos, __n));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct string initialized by a character %array.
	       *  @param  __s  Source character %array.
	       *  @param  __n  Number of characters to copy.
	       *  @param  __a  Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
	       *
	       *  NB: @a __s must have at least @a __n characters, &apos;\\0&apos;
	       *  has no special meaning.
	       */
	      basic_string(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n,
			   const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
	      : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
	      { _M_construct(__s, __s + __n); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct string as copy of a C string.
	       *  @param  __s  Source C string.
	       *  @param  __a  Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
	       */
	      basic_string(const _CharT* __s, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
	      : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
	      { _M_construct(__s, __s ? __s + traits_type::length(__s) : __s+npos); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct string as multiple characters.
	       *  @param  __n  Number of characters.
	       *  @param  __c  Character to use.
	       *  @param  __a  Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
	       */
	      basic_string(size_type __n, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
	      : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
	      { _M_construct(__n, __c); }
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Move construct string.
	       *  @param  __str  Source string.
	       *
	       *  The newly-created string contains the exact contents of @a __str.
	       *  @a __str is a valid, but unspecified string.
	       **/
	      basic_string(basic_string&& __str) noexcept
	      : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), std::move(__str._M_get_allocator()))
	      {
		if (__str._M_is_local())
		  {
		    traits_type::copy(_M_local_buf, __str._M_local_buf,
				      _S_local_capacity + 1);
		  }
		else
		  {
		    _M_data(__str._M_data());
		    _M_capacity(__str._M_allocated_capacity);
		  }
	
		// Must use _M_length() here not _M_set_length() because
		// basic_stringbuf relies on writing into unallocated capacity so
		// we mess up the contents if we put a '\0' in the string.
		_M_length(__str.length());
		__str._M_data(__str._M_local_data());
		__str._M_set_length(0);
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct string from an initializer %list.
	       *  @param  __l  std::initializer_list of characters.
	       *  @param  __a  Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
	       */
	      basic_string(initializer_list<_CharT> __l, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
	      : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
	      { _M_construct(__l.begin(), __l.end()); }
	
	      basic_string(const basic_string& __str, const _Alloc& __a)
	      : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
	      { _M_construct(__str.begin(), __str.end()); }
	
	      basic_string(basic_string&& __str, const _Alloc& __a)
	      noexcept(_Alloc_traits::_S_always_equal())
	      : _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
	      {
		if (__str._M_is_local())
		  {
		    traits_type::copy(_M_local_buf, __str._M_local_buf,
				      _S_local_capacity + 1);
		    _M_length(__str.length());
		    __str._M_set_length(0);
		  }
		else if (_Alloc_traits::_S_always_equal()
		    || __str.get_allocator() == __a)
		  {
		    _M_data(__str._M_data());
		    _M_length(__str.length());
		    _M_capacity(__str._M_allocated_capacity);
		    __str._M_data(__str._M_local_buf);
		    __str._M_set_length(0);
		  }
		else
		  _M_construct(__str.begin(), __str.end());
	      }
	
	#endif // C++11
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct string as copy of a range.
	       *  @param  __beg  Start of range.
	       *  @param  __end  End of range.
	       *  @param  __a  Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
	       */
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      template<typename _InputIterator,
		       typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
	#else
	      template<typename _InputIterator>
	#endif
	        basic_string(_InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end,
			     const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
		: _M_dataplus(_M_local_data(), __a)
		{ _M_construct(__beg, __end); }
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct string from a substring of a string_view.
	       *  @param  __t   Source object convertible to string view.
	       *  @param  __pos The index of the first character to copy from __t.
	       *  @param  __n   The number of characters to copy from __t.
	       *  @param  __a   Allocator to use.
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp, typename = _If_sv<_Tp, void>>
		basic_string(const _Tp& __t, size_type __pos, size_type __n,
			     const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
		: basic_string(_S_to_string_view(__t).substr(__pos, __n), __a) { }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct string from a string_view.
	       *  @param  __t  Source object convertible to string view.
	       *  @param  __a  Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp, typename = _If_sv<_Tp, void>>
		explicit
		basic_string(const _Tp& __t, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
		: basic_string(__sv_wrapper(_S_to_string_view(__t)), __a) { }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Only internally used: Construct string from a string view
	       *          wrapper.
	       *  @param  __svw  string view wrapper.
	       *  @param  __a  Allocator to use.
	       */
	      explicit
	      basic_string(__sv_wrapper __svw, const _Alloc& __a)
	      : basic_string(__svw._M_sv.data(), __svw._M_sv.size(), __a) { }
	#endif // C++17
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Destroy the string instance.
	       */
	      ~basic_string()
	      { _M_dispose(); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Assign the value of @a str to this string.
	       *  @param  __str  Source string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      operator=(const basic_string& __str)
	      {
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
		if (_Alloc_traits::_S_propagate_on_copy_assign())
		  {
		    if (!_Alloc_traits::_S_always_equal() && !_M_is_local()
			&& _M_get_allocator() != __str._M_get_allocator())
		      {
			// Propagating allocator cannot free existing storage so must
			// deallocate it before replacing current allocator.
			if (__str.size() <= _S_local_capacity)
			  {
			    _M_destroy(_M_allocated_capacity);
			    _M_data(_M_local_data());
			    _M_set_length(0);
			  }
			else
			  {
			    const auto __len = __str.size();
			    auto __alloc = __str._M_get_allocator();
			    // If this allocation throws there are no effects:
			    auto __ptr = _Alloc_traits::allocate(__alloc, __len + 1);
			    _M_destroy(_M_allocated_capacity);
			    _M_data(__ptr);
			    _M_capacity(__len);
			    _M_set_length(__len);
			  }
		      }
		    std::__alloc_on_copy(_M_get_allocator(), __str._M_get_allocator());
		  }
	#endif
		return this->assign(__str);
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Copy contents of @a s into this string.
	       *  @param  __s  Source null-terminated string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      operator=(const _CharT* __s)
	      { return this->assign(__s); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value to string of length 1.
	       *  @param  __c  Source character.
	       *
	       *  Assigning to a character makes this string length 1 and
	       *  (*this)[0] == @a c.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      operator=(_CharT __c)
	      {
		this->assign(1, __c);
		return *this;
	      }
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Move assign the value of @a str to this string.
	       *  @param  __str  Source string.
	       *
	       *  The contents of @a str are moved into this string (without copying).
	       *  @a str is a valid, but unspecified string.
	       **/
	      // PR 58265, this should be noexcept.
	      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
	      // 2063. Contradictory requirements for string move assignment
	      basic_string&
	      operator=(basic_string&& __str)
	      noexcept(_Alloc_traits::_S_nothrow_move())
	      {
		if (!_M_is_local() && _Alloc_traits::_S_propagate_on_move_assign()
		    && !_Alloc_traits::_S_always_equal()
		    && _M_get_allocator() != __str._M_get_allocator())
		  {
		    // Destroy existing storage before replacing allocator.
		    _M_destroy(_M_allocated_capacity);
		    _M_data(_M_local_data());
		    _M_set_length(0);
		  }
		// Replace allocator if POCMA is true.
		std::__alloc_on_move(_M_get_allocator(), __str._M_get_allocator());
	
		if (__str._M_is_local())
		  {
		    // We've always got room for a short string, just copy it.
		    if (__str.size())
		      this->_S_copy(_M_data(), __str._M_data(), __str.size());
		    _M_set_length(__str.size());
		  }
		else if (_Alloc_traits::_S_propagate_on_move_assign()
		    || _Alloc_traits::_S_always_equal()
		    || _M_get_allocator() == __str._M_get_allocator())
		  {
		    // Just move the allocated pointer, our allocator can free it.
		    pointer __data = nullptr;
		    size_type __capacity;
		    if (!_M_is_local())
		      {
			if (_Alloc_traits::_S_always_equal())
			  {
			    // __str can reuse our existing storage.
			    __data = _M_data();
			    __capacity = _M_allocated_capacity;
			  }
			else // __str can't use it, so free it.
			  _M_destroy(_M_allocated_capacity);
		      }
	
		    _M_data(__str._M_data());
		    _M_length(__str.length());
		    _M_capacity(__str._M_allocated_capacity);
		    if (__data)
		      {
			__str._M_data(__data);
			__str._M_capacity(__capacity);
		      }
		    else
		      __str._M_data(__str._M_local_buf);
		  }
		else // Need to do a deep copy
		  assign(__str);
		__str.clear();
		return *this;
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value to string constructed from initializer %list.
	       *  @param  __l  std::initializer_list.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      operator=(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
	      {
		this->assign(__l.begin(), __l.size());
		return *this;
	      }
	#endif // C++11
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value to string constructed from a string_view.
	       *  @param  __svt  An object convertible to string_view.
	       */
	     template<typename _Tp>
	       _If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
	       operator=(const _Tp& __svt)
	       { return this->assign(__svt); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Convert to a string_view.
	       *  @return A string_view.
	       */
	      operator __sv_type() const noexcept
	      { return __sv_type(data(), size()); }
	#endif // C++17
	
	      // Iterators:
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read/write iterator that points to the first character in
	       *  the %string.
	       */
	      iterator
	      begin() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return iterator(_M_data()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
	       *  character in the %string.
	       */
	      const_iterator
	      begin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return const_iterator(_M_data()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read/write iterator that points one past the last
	       *  character in the %string.
	       */
	      iterator
	      end() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
	       *  last character in the %string.
	       */
	      const_iterator
	      end() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return const_iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to the last
	       *  character in the %string.  Iteration is done in reverse element
	       *  order.
	       */
	      reverse_iterator
	      rbegin() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
	       *  to the last character in the %string.  Iteration is done in
	       *  reverse element order.
	       */
	      const_reverse_iterator
	      rbegin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to one before the
	       *  first character in the %string.  Iteration is done in reverse
	       *  element order.
	       */
	      reverse_iterator
	      rend() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
	       *  to one before the first character in the %string.  Iteration
	       *  is done in reverse element order.
	       */
	      const_reverse_iterator
	      rend() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
	       *  character in the %string.
	       */
	      const_iterator
	      cbegin() const noexcept
	      { return const_iterator(this->_M_data()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
	       *  last character in the %string.
	       */
	      const_iterator
	      cend() const noexcept
	      { return const_iterator(this->_M_data() + this->size()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
	       *  to the last character in the %string.  Iteration is done in
	       *  reverse element order.
	       */
	      const_reverse_iterator
	      crbegin() const noexcept
	      { return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
	       *  to one before the first character in the %string.  Iteration
	       *  is done in reverse element order.
	       */
	      const_reverse_iterator
	      crend() const noexcept
	      { return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
	#endif
	
	    public:
	      // Capacity:
	      ///  Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
	      ///  null-termination.
	      size_type
	      size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return _M_string_length; }
	
	      ///  Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
	      ///  null-termination.
	      size_type
	      length() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return _M_string_length; }
	
	      ///  Returns the size() of the largest possible %string.
	      size_type
	      max_size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return (_Alloc_traits::max_size(_M_get_allocator()) - 1) / 2; }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
	       *  @param  __n  Number of characters the %string should contain.
	       *  @param  __c  Character to fill any new elements.
	       *
	       *  This function will %resize the %string to the specified
	       *  number of characters.  If the number is smaller than the
	       *  %string's current size the %string is truncated, otherwise
	       *  the %string is extended and new elements are %set to @a __c.
	       */
	      void
	      resize(size_type __n, _CharT __c);
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
	       *  @param  __n  Number of characters the %string should contain.
	       *
	       *  This function will resize the %string to the specified length.  If
	       *  the new size is smaller than the %string's current size the %string
	       *  is truncated, otherwise the %string is extended and new characters
	       *  are default-constructed.  For basic types such as char, this means
	       *  setting them to 0.
	       */
	      void
	      resize(size_type __n)
	      { this->resize(__n, _CharT()); }
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      ///  A non-binding request to reduce capacity() to size().
	      void
	      shrink_to_fit() noexcept
	      {
	#if __cpp_exceptions
		if (capacity() > size())
		  {
		    try
		      { reserve(0); }
		    catch(...)
		      { }
		  }
	#endif
	      }
	#endif
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns the total number of characters that the %string can hold
	       *  before needing to allocate more memory.
	       */
	      size_type
	      capacity() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		return _M_is_local() ? size_type(_S_local_capacity)
		                     : _M_allocated_capacity;
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Attempt to preallocate enough memory for specified number of
	       *          characters.
	       *  @param  __res_arg  Number of characters required.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If @a __res_arg exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  This function attempts to reserve enough memory for the
	       *  %string to hold the specified number of characters.  If the
	       *  number requested is more than max_size(), length_error is
	       *  thrown.
	       *
	       *  The advantage of this function is that if optimal code is a
	       *  necessity and the user can determine the string length that will be
	       *  required, the user can reserve the memory in %advance, and thus
	       *  prevent a possible reallocation of memory and copying of %string
	       *  data.
	       */
	      void
	      reserve(size_type __res_arg = 0);
	
	      /**
	       *  Erases the string, making it empty.
	       */
	      void
	      clear() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { _M_set_length(0); }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns true if the %string is empty.  Equivalent to 
	       *  <code>*this == ""</code>.
	       */
	      bool
	      empty() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return this->size() == 0; }
	
	      // Element access:
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
	       *  @param  __pos  The index of the character to access.
	       *  @return  Read-only (constant) reference to the character.
	       *
	       *  This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
	       *  Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
	       *  out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
	       *  see at().)
	       */
	      const_reference
	      operator[] (size_type __pos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		__glibcxx_assert(__pos <= size());
		return _M_data()[__pos];
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
	       *  @param  __pos  The index of the character to access.
	       *  @return  Read/write reference to the character.
	       *
	       *  This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
	       *  Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
	       *  out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
	       *  see at().)
	       */
	      reference
	      operator[](size_type __pos)
	      {
	        // Allow pos == size() both in C++98 mode, as v3 extension,
		// and in C++11 mode.
		__glibcxx_assert(__pos <= size());
	        // In pedantic mode be strict in C++98 mode.
		_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__cplusplus >= 201103L || __pos < size());
		return _M_data()[__pos];
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
	       *  @param __n The index of the character to access.
	       *  @return  Read-only (const) reference to the character.
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a n is an invalid index.
	       *
	       *  This function provides for safer data access.  The parameter is
	       *  first checked that it is in the range of the string.  The function
	       *  throws out_of_range if the check fails.
	       */
	      const_reference
	      at(size_type __n) const
	      {
		if (__n >= this->size())
		  __throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("basic_string::at: __n "
					       "(which is %zu) >= this->size() "
					       "(which is %zu)"),
					   __n, this->size());
		return _M_data()[__n];
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
	       *  @param __n The index of the character to access.
	       *  @return  Read/write reference to the character.
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a n is an invalid index.
	       *
	       *  This function provides for safer data access.  The parameter is
	       *  first checked that it is in the range of the string.  The function
	       *  throws out_of_range if the check fails.
	       */
	      reference
	      at(size_type __n)
	      {
		if (__n >= size())
		  __throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("basic_string::at: __n "
					       "(which is %zu) >= this->size() "
					       "(which is %zu)"),
					   __n, this->size());
		return _M_data()[__n];
	      }
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read/write reference to the data at the first
	       *  element of the %string.
	       */
	      reference
	      front() noexcept
	      {
		__glibcxx_assert(!empty());
		return operator[](0);
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read-only (constant) reference to the data at the first
	       *  element of the %string.
	       */
	      const_reference
	      front() const noexcept
	      {
		__glibcxx_assert(!empty());
		return operator[](0);
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read/write reference to the data at the last
	       *  element of the %string.
	       */
	      reference
	      back() noexcept
	      {
		__glibcxx_assert(!empty());
		return operator[](this->size() - 1);
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read-only (constant) reference to the data at the
	       *  last element of the %string.
	       */
	      const_reference
	      back() const noexcept
	      {
		__glibcxx_assert(!empty());
		return operator[](this->size() - 1);
	      }
	#endif
	
	      // Modifiers:
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a string to this string.
	       *  @param __str  The string to append.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      operator+=(const basic_string& __str)
	      { return this->append(__str); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a C string.
	       *  @param __s  The C string to append.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      operator+=(const _CharT* __s)
	      { return this->append(__s); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a character.
	       *  @param __c  The character to append.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      operator+=(_CharT __c)
	      {
		this->push_back(__c);
		return *this;
	      }
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append an initializer_list of characters.
	       *  @param __l  The initializer_list of characters to be appended.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      operator+=(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
	      { return this->append(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
	#endif // C++11
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a string_view.
	       *  @param __svt  An object convertible to string_view to be appended.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
		operator+=(const _Tp& __svt)
		{ return this->append(__svt); }
	#endif // C++17
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a string to this string.
	       *  @param __str  The string to append.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      append(const basic_string& __str)
	      { return _M_append(__str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a substring.
	       *  @param __str  The string to append.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of the first character of str to append.
	       *  @param __n  The number of characters to append.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range if @a __pos is not a valid index.
	       *
	       *  This function appends @a __n characters from @a __str
	       *  starting at @a __pos to this string.  If @a __n is is larger
	       *  than the number of available characters in @a __str, the
	       *  remainder of @a __str is appended.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      append(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n = npos)
	      { return _M_append(__str._M_data()
				 + __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::append"),
				 __str._M_limit(__pos, __n)); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a C substring.
	       *  @param __s  The C string to append.
	       *  @param __n  The number of characters to append.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      append(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string_len(__s, __n);
		_M_check_length(size_type(0), __n, "basic_string::append");
		return _M_append(__s, __n);
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a C string.
	       *  @param __s  The C string to append.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      append(const _CharT* __s)
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
		const size_type __n = traits_type::length(__s);
		_M_check_length(size_type(0), __n, "basic_string::append");
		return _M_append(__s, __n);
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append multiple characters.
	       *  @param __n  The number of characters to append.
	       *  @param __c  The character to use.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *
	       *  Appends __n copies of __c to this string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      append(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
	      { return _M_replace_aux(this->size(), size_type(0), __n, __c); }
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append an initializer_list of characters.
	       *  @param __l  The initializer_list of characters to append.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      append(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
	      { return this->append(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
	#endif // C++11
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a range of characters.
	       *  @param __first  Iterator referencing the first character to append.
	       *  @param __last  Iterator marking the end of the range.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *
	       *  Appends characters in the range [__first,__last) to this string.
	       */
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      template<class _InputIterator,
		       typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
	#else
	      template<class _InputIterator>
	#endif
	        basic_string&
	        append(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
	        { return this->replace(end(), end(), __first, __last); }
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a string_view.
	       *  @param __svt  An object convertible to string_view to be appended.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp>
	        _If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
	        append(const _Tp& __svt)
	        {
	          __sv_type __sv = __svt;
	          return this->append(__sv.data(), __sv.size());
	        }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a range of characters from a string_view.
	       *  @param __svt  An object convertible to string_view to be appended from.
	       *  @param __pos The position in the string_view to append from.
	       *  @param __n   The number of characters to append from the string_view.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp>
	        _If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
		append(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos, size_type __n = npos)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return _M_append(__sv.data()
				   + __sv._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::append"),
				   __sv._M_limit(__pos, __n));
		}
	#endif // C++17
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a single character.
	       *  @param __c  Character to append.
	       */
	      void
	      push_back(_CharT __c)
	      {
		const size_type __size = this->size();
		if (__size + 1 > this->capacity())
		  this->_M_mutate(__size, size_type(0), 0, size_type(1));
		traits_type::assign(this->_M_data()[__size], __c);
		this->_M_set_length(__size + 1);
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value to contents of another string.
	       *  @param  __str  Source string to use.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      assign(const basic_string& __str)
	      {
		this->_M_assign(__str);
		return *this;
	      }
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value to contents of another string.
	       *  @param  __str  Source string to use.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *
	       *  This function sets this string to the exact contents of @a __str.
	       *  @a __str is a valid, but unspecified string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      assign(basic_string&& __str)
	      noexcept(_Alloc_traits::_S_nothrow_move())
	      {
		// _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
		// 2063. Contradictory requirements for string move assignment
		return *this = std::move(__str);
	      }
	#endif // C++11
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value to a substring of a string.
	       *  @param __str  The string to use.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of the first character of str.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters to use.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range if @a pos is not a valid index.
	       *
	       *  This function sets this string to the substring of @a __str
	       *  consisting of @a __n characters at @a __pos.  If @a __n is
	       *  is larger than the number of available characters in @a
	       *  __str, the remainder of @a __str is used.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      assign(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n = npos)
	      { return _M_replace(size_type(0), this->size(), __str._M_data()
				  + __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::assign"),
				  __str._M_limit(__pos, __n)); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value to a C substring.
	       *  @param __s  The C string to use.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters to use.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *
	       *  This function sets the value of this string to the first @a __n
	       *  characters of @a __s.  If @a __n is is larger than the number of
	       *  available characters in @a __s, the remainder of @a __s is used.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      assign(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string_len(__s, __n);
		return _M_replace(size_type(0), this->size(), __s, __n);
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value to contents of a C string.
	       *  @param __s  The C string to use.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *
	       *  This function sets the value of this string to the value of @a __s.
	       *  The data is copied, so there is no dependence on @a __s once the
	       *  function returns.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      assign(const _CharT* __s)
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
		return _M_replace(size_type(0), this->size(), __s,
				  traits_type::length(__s));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value to multiple characters.
	       *  @param __n  Length of the resulting string.
	       *  @param __c  The character to use.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *
	       *  This function sets the value of this string to @a __n copies of
	       *  character @a __c.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      assign(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
	      { return _M_replace_aux(size_type(0), this->size(), __n, __c); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value to a range of characters.
	       *  @param __first  Iterator referencing the first character to append.
	       *  @param __last  Iterator marking the end of the range.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *
	       *  Sets value of string to characters in the range [__first,__last).
	      */
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      template<class _InputIterator,
		       typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
	#else
	      template<class _InputIterator>
	#endif
	        basic_string&
	        assign(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
	        { return this->replace(begin(), end(), __first, __last); }
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value to an initializer_list of characters.
	       *  @param __l  The initializer_list of characters to assign.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      assign(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
	      { return this->assign(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
	#endif // C++11
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value from a string_view.
	       *  @param __svt  The source object convertible to string_view.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
		assign(const _Tp& __svt)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->assign(__sv.data(), __sv.size());
		}
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value from a range of characters in a string_view.
	       *  @param __svt  The source object convertible to string_view.
	       *  @param __pos  The position in the string_view to assign from.
	       *  @param __n  The number of characters to assign.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
		assign(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos, size_type __n = npos)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return _M_replace(size_type(0), this->size(), __sv.data()
				    + __sv._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::assign"),
				    __sv._M_limit(__pos, __n));
		}
	#endif // C++17
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert multiple characters.
	       *  @param __p  Const_iterator referencing location in string to
	       *              insert at.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters to insert
	       *  @param __c  The character to insert.
	       *  @return  Iterator referencing the first inserted char.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at the
	       *  position referenced by iterator @a __p.  If adding
	       *  characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
	       *  length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
	       *  change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      iterator
	      insert(const_iterator __p, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
	      {
		_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
		const size_type __pos = __p - begin();
		this->replace(__p, __p, __n, __c);
		return iterator(this->_M_data() + __pos);
	      }
	#else
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert multiple characters.
	       *  @param __p  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters to insert
	       *  @param __c  The character to insert.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at the
	       *  position referenced by iterator @a __p.  If adding
	       *  characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
	       *  length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
	       *  change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      void
	      insert(iterator __p, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
	      {	this->replace(__p, __p, __n, __c);  }
	#endif
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert a range of characters.
	       *  @param __p  Const_iterator referencing location in string to
	       *              insert at.
	       *  @param __beg  Start of range.
	       *  @param __end  End of range.
	       *  @return  Iterator referencing the first inserted char.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Inserts characters in range [beg,end).  If adding characters
	       *  causes the length to exceed max_size(), length_error is
	       *  thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if an error
	       *  is thrown.
	      */
	      template<class _InputIterator,
		       typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
		iterator
	        insert(const_iterator __p, _InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end)
	        {
		  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
		  const size_type __pos = __p - begin();
		  this->replace(__p, __p, __beg, __end);
		  return iterator(this->_M_data() + __pos);
		}
	#else
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert a range of characters.
	       *  @param __p  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
	       *  @param __beg  Start of range.
	       *  @param __end  End of range.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Inserts characters in range [__beg,__end).  If adding
	       *  characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
	       *  length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
	       *  change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      template<class _InputIterator>
	        void
	        insert(iterator __p, _InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end)
	        { this->replace(__p, __p, __beg, __end); }
	#endif
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert an initializer_list of characters.
	       *  @param __p  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
	       *  @param __l  The initializer_list of characters to insert.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       */
	      void
	      insert(iterator __p, initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
	      {
		_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
		this->insert(__p - begin(), __l.begin(), __l.size());
	      }
	#endif // C++11
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert value of a string.
	       *  @param __pos1  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
	       *  @param __str  The string to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Inserts value of @a __str starting at @a __pos1.  If adding
	       *  characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
	       *  length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
	       *  change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str)
	      { return this->replace(__pos1, size_type(0),
				     __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert a substring.
	       *  @param __pos1  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
	       *  @param __str  The string to insert.
	       *  @param __pos2  Start of characters in str to insert.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos1 > size() or
	       *  @a __pos2 > @a str.size().
	       *
	       *  Starting at @a pos1, insert @a __n character of @a __str
	       *  beginning with @a __pos2.  If adding characters causes the
	       *  length to exceed max_size(), length_error is thrown.  If @a
	       *  __pos1 is beyond the end of this string or @a __pos2 is
	       *  beyond the end of @a __str, out_of_range is thrown.  The
	       *  value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str,
		     size_type __pos2, size_type __n = npos)
	      { return this->replace(__pos1, size_type(0), __str._M_data()
				     + __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::insert"),
				     __str._M_limit(__pos2, __n)); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert a C substring.
	       *  @param __pos  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
	       *  @param __s  The C string to insert.
	       *  @param __n  The number of characters to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a __pos is beyond the end of this
	       *  string.
	       *
	       *  Inserts the first @a __n characters of @a __s starting at @a
	       *  __pos.  If adding characters causes the length to exceed
	       *  max_size(), length_error is thrown.  If @a __pos is beyond
	       *  end(), out_of_range is thrown.  The value of the string
	       *  doesn't change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
	      { return this->replace(__pos, size_type(0), __s, __n); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert a C string.
	       *  @param __pos  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
	       *  @param __s  The C string to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos is beyond the end of this
	       *  string.
	       *
	       *  Inserts the first @a n characters of @a __s starting at @a __pos.  If
	       *  adding characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
	       *  length_error is thrown.  If @a __pos is beyond end(), out_of_range is
	       *  thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
	       *  thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s)
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
		return this->replace(__pos, size_type(0), __s,
				     traits_type::length(__s));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert multiple characters.
	       *  @param __pos  Index in string to insert at.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters to insert
	       *  @param __c  The character to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a __pos is beyond the end of this
	       *  string.
	       *
	       *  Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at index
	       *  @a __pos.  If adding characters causes the length to exceed
	       *  max_size(), length_error is thrown.  If @a __pos > length(),
	       *  out_of_range is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
	       *  change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      insert(size_type __pos, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
	      { return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::insert"),
				      size_type(0), __n, __c); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert one character.
	       *  @param __p  Iterator referencing position in string to insert at.
	       *  @param __c  The character to insert.
	       *  @return  Iterator referencing newly inserted char.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Inserts character @a __c at position referenced by @a __p.
	       *  If adding character causes the length to exceed max_size(),
	       *  length_error is thrown.  If @a __p is beyond end of string,
	       *  out_of_range is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
	       *  change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      iterator
	      insert(__const_iterator __p, _CharT __c)
	      {
		_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= begin() && __p <= end());
		const size_type __pos = __p - begin();
		_M_replace_aux(__pos, size_type(0), size_type(1), __c);
		return iterator(_M_data() + __pos);
	      }
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert a string_view.
	       *  @param __pos  Iterator referencing position in string to insert at.
	       *  @param __svt  The object convertible to string_view to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	      */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
		insert(size_type __pos, const _Tp& __svt)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->insert(__pos, __sv.data(), __sv.size());
		}
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert a string_view.
	       *  @param __pos  Iterator referencing position in string to insert at.
	       *  @param __svt  The object convertible to string_view to insert from.
	       *  @param __pos  Iterator referencing position in string_view to insert
	       *  from.
	       *  @param __n    The number of characters to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	      */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
		insert(size_type __pos1, const _Tp& __svt,
		       size_type __pos2, size_type __n = npos)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->replace(__pos1, size_type(0), __sv.data()
				       + __sv._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::insert"),
				       __sv._M_limit(__pos2, __n));
		}
	#endif // C++17
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Remove characters.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of first character to remove (default 0).
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters to remove (default remainder).
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos is beyond the end of this
	       *  string.
	       *
	       *  Removes @a __n characters from this string starting at @a
	       *  __pos.  The length of the string is reduced by @a __n.  If
	       *  there are < @a __n characters to remove, the remainder of
	       *  the string is truncated.  If @a __p is beyond end of string,
	       *  out_of_range is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
	       *  change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      erase(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos)
	      {
		_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::erase");
		if (__n == npos)
		  this->_M_set_length(__pos);
		else if (__n != 0)
		  this->_M_erase(__pos, _M_limit(__pos, __n));
		return *this;
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Remove one character.
	       *  @param __position  Iterator referencing the character to remove.
	       *  @return  iterator referencing same location after removal.
	       *
	       *  Removes the character at @a __position from this string. The value
	       *  of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      iterator
	      erase(__const_iterator __position)
	      {
		_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__position >= begin()
					 && __position < end());
		const size_type __pos = __position - begin();
		this->_M_erase(__pos, size_type(1));
		return iterator(_M_data() + __pos);
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Remove a range of characters.
	       *  @param __first  Iterator referencing the first character to remove.
	       *  @param __last  Iterator referencing the end of the range.
	       *  @return  Iterator referencing location of first after removal.
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [first,last) from this string.
	       *  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      iterator
	      erase(__const_iterator __first, __const_iterator __last)
	      {
		_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__first >= begin() && __first <= __last
					 && __last <= end());
	        const size_type __pos = __first - begin();
		if (__last == end())
		  this->_M_set_length(__pos);
		else
		  this->_M_erase(__pos, __last - __first);
		return iterator(this->_M_data() + __pos);
	      }
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Remove the last character.
	       *
	       *  The string must be non-empty.
	       */
	      void
	      pop_back() noexcept
	      {
		__glibcxx_assert(!empty());
		_M_erase(size() - 1, 1);
	      }
	#endif // C++11
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace characters with value from another string.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of first character to replace.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters to be replaced.
	       *  @param __str  String to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos is beyond the end of this
	       *  string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos+__n) from
	       *  this string.  In place, the value of @a __str is inserted.
	       *  If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.
	       *  If the length of the result exceeds max_size(), length_error
	       *  is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if an
	       *  error is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str)
	      { return this->replace(__pos, __n, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace characters with value from another string.
	       *  @param __pos1  Index of first character to replace.
	       *  @param __n1  Number of characters to be replaced.
	       *  @param __str  String to insert.
	       *  @param __pos2  Index of first character of str to use.
	       *  @param __n2  Number of characters from str to use.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a __pos1 > size() or @a __pos2 >
	       *  __str.size().
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [__pos1,__pos1 + n) from this
	       *  string.  In place, the value of @a __str is inserted.  If @a __pos is
	       *  beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.  If the length of the
	       *  result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the
	       *  string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      replace(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
		      size_type __pos2, size_type __n2 = npos)
	      { return this->replace(__pos1, __n1, __str._M_data()
				     + __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::replace"),
				     __str._M_limit(__pos2, __n2)); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace characters with value of a C substring.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of first character to replace.
	       *  @param __n1  Number of characters to be replaced.
	       *  @param __s  C string to insert.
	       *  @param __n2  Number of characters from @a s to use.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos1 > size().
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos + __n1)
	       *  from this string.  In place, the first @a __n2 characters of
	       *  @a __s are inserted, or all of @a __s if @a __n2 is too large.  If
	       *  @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.  If
	       *  the length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is
	       *  thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if an error
	       *  is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
		      size_type __n2)
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string_len(__s, __n2);
		return _M_replace(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::replace"),
				  _M_limit(__pos, __n1), __s, __n2);
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace characters with value of a C string.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of first character to replace.
	       *  @param __n1  Number of characters to be replaced.
	       *  @param __s  C string to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos > size().
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos + __n1)
	       *  from this string.  In place, the characters of @a __s are
	       *  inserted.  If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range
	       *  is thrown.  If the length of result exceeds max_size(),
	       *  length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
	       *  change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s)
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
		return this->replace(__pos, __n1, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace characters with multiple characters.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of first character to replace.
	       *  @param __n1  Number of characters to be replaced.
	       *  @param __n2  Number of characters to insert.
	       *  @param __c  Character to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a __pos > size().
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos + n1) from this
	       *  string.  In place, @a __n2 copies of @a __c are inserted.
	       *  If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.
	       *  If the length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is
	       *  thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if an error
	       *  is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, size_type __n2, _CharT __c)
	      { return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::replace"),
				      _M_limit(__pos, __n1), __n2, __c); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with string.
	       *  @param __i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
	       *  @param __i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
	       *  @param __str  String value to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2).  In place,
	       *  the value of @a __str is inserted.  If the length of result
	       *  exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of
	       *  the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
		      const basic_string& __str)
	      { return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with C substring.
	       *  @param __i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
	       *  @param __i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
	       *  @param __s  C string value to insert.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters from s to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2).  In place,
	       *  the first @a __n characters of @a __s are inserted.  If the
	       *  length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
	       *  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
	       *  thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
		      const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
	      {
		_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
					 && __i2 <= end());
		return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1, __s, __n);
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with C string.
	       *  @param __i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
	       *  @param __i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
	       *  @param __s  C string value to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2).  In place,
	       *  the characters of @a __s are inserted.  If the length of
	       *  result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The
	       *  value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2, const _CharT* __s)
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
		return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with multiple characters
	       *  @param __i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
	       *  @param __i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters to insert.
	       *  @param __c  Character to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2).  In place,
	       *  @a __n copies of @a __c are inserted.  If the length of
	       *  result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The
	       *  value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2, size_type __n,
		      _CharT __c)
	      {
		_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
					 && __i2 <= end());
		return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __c);
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with range.
	       *  @param __i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
	       *  @param __i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
	       *  @param __k1  Iterator referencing start of range to insert.
	       *  @param __k2  Iterator referencing end of range to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2).  In place,
	       *  characters in the range [__k1,__k2) are inserted.  If the
	       *  length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
	       *  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
	       *  thrown.
	      */
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      template<class _InputIterator,
		       typename = std::_RequireInputIter<_InputIterator>>
	        basic_string&
	        replace(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
			_InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2)
	        {
		  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
					   && __i2 <= end());
		  __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
		  return this->_M_replace_dispatch(__i1, __i2, __k1, __k2,
						   std::__false_type());
		}
	#else
	      template<class _InputIterator>
	#ifdef _GLIBCXX_DISAMBIGUATE_REPLACE_INST
	        typename __enable_if_not_native_iterator<_InputIterator>::__type
	#else
	        basic_string&
	#endif
	        replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
			_InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2)
	        {
		  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
					   && __i2 <= end());
		  __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
		  typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InputIterator>::__type _Integral;
		  return _M_replace_dispatch(__i1, __i2, __k1, __k2, _Integral());
		}
	#endif
	
	      // Specializations for the common case of pointer and iterator:
	      // useful to avoid the overhead of temporary buffering in _M_replace.
	      basic_string&
	      replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
		      _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2)
	      {
		_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
					 && __i2 <= end());
		__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
		return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
				     __k1, __k2 - __k1);
	      }
	
	      basic_string&
	      replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
		      const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
	      {
		_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
					 && __i2 <= end());
		__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
		return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
				     __k1, __k2 - __k1);
	      }
	
	      basic_string&
	      replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
		      iterator __k1, iterator __k2)
	      {
		_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
					 && __i2 <= end());
		__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
		return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
				     __k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
	      }
	
	      basic_string&
	      replace(__const_iterator __i1, __const_iterator __i2,
		      const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
	      {
		_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(begin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
					 && __i2 <= end());
		__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
		return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1,
				     __k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
	      }
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with initializer_list.
	       *  @param __i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
	       *  @param __i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
	       *  @param __l  The initializer_list of characters to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2).  In place,
	       *  characters in the range [__k1,__k2) are inserted.  If the
	       *  length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
	       *  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
	       *  thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string& replace(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
				    initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
	      { return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __l.begin(), __l.size()); }
	#endif // C++11
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with string_view.
	       *  @param __pos  The position to replace at.
	       *  @param __n    The number of characters to replace.
	       *  @param __svt  The object convertible to string_view to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	      */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
		replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const _Tp& __svt)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->replace(__pos, __n, __sv.data(), __sv.size());
		}
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with string_view.
	       *  @param __pos1  The position to replace at.
	       *  @param __n1    The number of characters to replace.
	       *  @param __svt   The object convertible to string_view to insert from.
	       *  @param __pos2  The position in the string_view to insert from.
	       *  @param __n2    The number of characters to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	      */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
		replace(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const _Tp& __svt,
			size_type __pos2, size_type __n2 = npos)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->replace(__pos1, __n1, __sv.data()
				       + __sv._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::replace"),
				       __sv._M_limit(__pos2, __n2));
		}
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with string_view.
	       *  @param __i1    An iterator referencing the start position
	          to replace at.
	       *  @param __i2    An iterator referencing the end position
	          for the replace.
	       *  @param __svt   The object convertible to string_view to insert from.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	      */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
		replace(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2, const _Tp& __svt)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1, __sv);
		}
	#endif // C++17
	
	    private:
	      template<class _Integer>
		basic_string&
		_M_replace_dispatch(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
				    _Integer __n, _Integer __val, __true_type)
	        { return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __val); }
	
	      template<class _InputIterator>
		basic_string&
		_M_replace_dispatch(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2,
				    _InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2,
				    __false_type);
	
	      basic_string&
	      _M_replace_aux(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, size_type __n2,
			     _CharT __c);
	
	      basic_string&
	      _M_replace(size_type __pos, size_type __len1, const _CharT* __s,
			 const size_type __len2);
	
	      basic_string&
	      _M_append(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
	
	    public:
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Copy substring into C string.
	       *  @param __s  C string to copy value into.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters to copy.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of first character to copy.
	       *  @return  Number of characters actually copied
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If __pos > size().
	       *
	       *  Copies up to @a __n characters starting at @a __pos into the
	       *  C string @a __s.  If @a __pos is %greater than size(),
	       *  out_of_range is thrown.
	      */
	      size_type
	      copy(_CharT* __s, size_type __n, size_type __pos = 0) const;
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Swap contents with another string.
	       *  @param __s  String to swap with.
	       *
	       *  Exchanges the contents of this string with that of @a __s in constant
	       *  time.
	      */
	      void
	      swap(basic_string& __s) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
	
	      // String operations:
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Return const pointer to null-terminated contents.
	       *
	       *  This is a handle to internal data.  Do not modify or dire things may
	       *  happen.
	      */
	      const _CharT*
	      c_str() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return _M_data(); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Return const pointer to contents.
	       *
	       *  This is a pointer to internal data.  It is undefined to modify
	       *  the contents through the returned pointer. To get a pointer that
	       *  allows modifying the contents use @c &str[0] instead,
	       *  (or in C++17 the non-const @c str.data() overload).
	      */
	      const _CharT*
	      data() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return _M_data(); }
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Return non-const pointer to contents.
	       *
	       *  This is a pointer to the character sequence held by the string.
	       *  Modifying the characters in the sequence is allowed.
	      */
	      _CharT*
	      data() noexcept
	      { return _M_data(); }
	#endif
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Return copy of allocator used to construct this string.
	      */
	      allocator_type
	      get_allocator() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return _M_get_allocator(); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a C substring.
	       *  @param __s  C string to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters from @a s to search for.
	       *  @return  Index of start of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the first @a
	       *  __n characters in @a __s within this string.  If found,
	       *  returns the index where it begins.  If not found, returns
	       *  npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a string.
	       *  @param __str  String to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of start of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for value of @a __str within
	       *  this string.  If found, returns the index where it begins.  If not
	       *  found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return this->find(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a string_view.
	       *  @param __svt  The object convertible to string_view to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of start of first occurrence.
	      */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
		find(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = 0) const
		noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->find(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
		}
	#endif // C++17
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a C string.
	       *  @param __s  C string to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of start of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the value of @a
	       *  __s within this string.  If found, returns the index where
	       *  it begins.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
		return this->find(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a character.
	       *  @param __c  Character to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for @a __c within
	       *  this string.  If found, returns the index where it was
	       *  found.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a string.
	       *  @param __str  String to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of start of last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for value of @a
	       *  __str within this string.  If found, returns the index where
	       *  it begins.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      rfind(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return this->rfind(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a string_view.
	       *  @param __svt  The object convertible to string_view to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of start of last occurrence.
	      */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
		rfind(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = npos) const
		noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->rfind(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
		}
	#endif // C++17
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a C substring.
	       *  @param __s  C string to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters from s to search for.
	       *  @return  Index of start of last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for the first @a
	       *  __n characters in @a __s within this string.  If found,
	       *  returns the index where it begins.  If not found, returns
	       *  npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a C string.
	       *  @param __s  C string to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to start search at (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of start of  last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for the value of
	       *  @a __s within this string.  If found, returns the index
	       *  where it begins.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
		return this->rfind(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a character.
	       *  @param __c  Character to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for @a __c within
	       *  this string.  If found, returns the index where it was
	       *  found.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      rfind(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a character of string.
	       *  @param __str  String containing characters to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
	       *  characters of @a __str within this string.  If found,
	       *  returns the index where it was found.  If not found, returns
	       *  npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_first_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return this->find_first_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a character of a string_view.
	       *  @param __svt  An object convertible to string_view containing
	       *                characters to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
	      */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
		find_first_of(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = 0) const
		noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->find_first_of(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
		}
	#endif // C++17
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a character of C substring.
	       *  @param __s  String containing characters to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters from s to search for.
	       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
	       *  first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string.  If
	       *  found, returns the index where it was found.  If not found,
	       *  returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a character of C string.
	       *  @param __s  String containing characters to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
	       *  characters of @a __s within this string.  If found, returns
	       *  the index where it was found.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
		return this->find_first_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a character.
	       *  @param __c  Character to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the character
	       *  @a __c within this string.  If found, returns the index
	       *  where it was found.  If not found, returns npos.
	       *
	       *  Note: equivalent to find(__c, __pos).
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_first_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return this->find(__c, __pos); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a character of string.
	       *  @param __str  String containing characters to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
	       *  characters of @a __str within this string.  If found,
	       *  returns the index where it was found.  If not found, returns
	       *  npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_last_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return this->find_last_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a character of string.
	       *  @param __svt  An object convertible to string_view containing
	       *                characters to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
	      */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
		find_last_of(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = npos) const
		noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->find_last_of(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
		}
	#endif // C++17
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a character of C substring.
	       *  @param __s  C string containing characters to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters from s to search for.
	       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
	       *  first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string.  If
	       *  found, returns the index where it was found.  If not found,
	       *  returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a character of C string.
	       *  @param __s  C string containing characters to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
	       *  characters of @a __s within this string.  If found, returns
	       *  the index where it was found.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
		return this->find_last_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a character.
	       *  @param __c  Character to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for @a __c within
	       *  this string.  If found, returns the index where it was
	       *  found.  If not found, returns npos.
	       *
	       *  Note: equivalent to rfind(__c, __pos).
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_last_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return this->rfind(__c, __pos); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a character not in string.
	       *  @param __str  String containing characters to avoid.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not contained
	       *  in @a __str within this string.  If found, returns the index where it
	       *  was found.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_first_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return this->find_first_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a character not in a string_view.
	       *  @param __svt  A object convertible to string_view containing
	       *                characters to avoid.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
		find_first_not_of(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = 0) const
		noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->find_first_not_of(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
		}
	#endif // C++17
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a character not in C substring.
	       *  @param __s  C string containing characters to avoid.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters from __s to consider.
	       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not
	       *  contained in the first @a __n characters of @a __s within
	       *  this string.  If found, returns the index where it was
	       *  found.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
				size_type __n) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a character not in C string.
	       *  @param __s  C string containing characters to avoid.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not
	       *  contained in @a __s within this string.  If found, returns
	       *  the index where it was found.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
		return this->find_first_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a different character.
	       *  @param __c  Character to avoid.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character
	       *  other than @a __c within this string.  If found, returns the
	       *  index where it was found.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_first_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a character not in string.
	       *  @param __str  String containing characters to avoid.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character
	       *  not contained in @a __str within this string.  If found,
	       *  returns the index where it was found.  If not found, returns
	       *  npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_last_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return this->find_last_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a character not in a string_view.
	       *  @param __svt  An object convertible to string_view containing
	       *                characters to avoid.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
		find_last_not_of(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = npos) const
		noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->find_last_not_of(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
		}
	#endif // C++17
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a character not in C substring.
	       *  @param __s  C string containing characters to avoid.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters from s to consider.
	       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character not
	       *  contained in the first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string.
	       *  If found, returns the index where it was found.  If not found,
	       *  returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
			       size_type __n) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a character not in C string.
	       *  @param __s  C string containing characters to avoid.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character
	       *  not contained in @a __s within this string.  If found,
	       *  returns the index where it was found.  If not found, returns
	       *  npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
		return this->find_last_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a different character.
	       *  @param __c  Character to avoid.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character other than
	       *  @a __c within this string.  If found, returns the index where it was
	       *  found.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_last_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Get a substring.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of first character (default 0).
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters in substring (default remainder).
	       *  @return  The new string.
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If __pos > size().
	       *
	       *  Construct and return a new string using the @a __n
	       *  characters starting at @a __pos.  If the string is too
	       *  short, use the remainder of the characters.  If @a __pos is
	       *  beyond the end of the string, out_of_range is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string
	      substr(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos) const
	      { return basic_string(*this,
				    _M_check(__pos, "basic_string::substr"), __n); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Compare to a string.
	       *  @param __str  String to compare against.
	       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
	       *
	       *  Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a
	       *  __str, 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this
	       *  string is ordered after @a __str.  Determines the effective
	       *  length rlen of the strings to compare as the smallest of
	       *  size() and str.size().  The function then compares the two
	       *  strings by calling traits::compare(data(), str.data(),rlen).
	       *  If the result of the comparison is nonzero returns it,
	       *  otherwise the shorter one is ordered first.
	      */
	      int
	      compare(const basic_string& __str) const
	      {
		const size_type __size = this->size();
		const size_type __osize = __str.size();
		const size_type __len = std::min(__size, __osize);
	
		int __r = traits_type::compare(_M_data(), __str.data(), __len);
		if (!__r)
		  __r = _S_compare(__size, __osize);
		return __r;
	      }
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Compare to a string_view.
	       *  @param __svt An object convertible to string_view to compare against.
	       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, int>
		compare(const _Tp& __svt) const
		noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  const size_type __size = this->size();
		  const size_type __osize = __sv.size();
		  const size_type __len = std::min(__size, __osize);
	
		  int __r = traits_type::compare(_M_data(), __sv.data(), __len);
		  if (!__r)
		    __r = _S_compare(__size, __osize);
		  return __r;
		}
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Compare to a string_view.
	       *  @param __pos  A position in the string to start comparing from.
	       *  @param __n  The number of characters to compare.
	       *  @param __svt  An object convertible to string_view to compare
	       *                against.
	       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, int>
		compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const _Tp& __svt) const
		noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return __sv_type(*this).substr(__pos, __n).compare(__sv);
		}
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Compare to a string_view.
	       *  @param __pos1  A position in the string to start comparing from.
	       *  @param __n1  The number of characters to compare.
	       *  @param __svt  An object convertible to string_view to compare
	       *                against.
	       *  @param __pos2  A position in the string_view to start comparing from.
	       *  @param __n2  The number of characters to compare.
	       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, int>
		compare(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const _Tp& __svt,
			size_type __pos2, size_type __n2 = npos) const
		noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return __sv_type(*this)
		    .substr(__pos1, __n1).compare(__sv.substr(__pos2, __n2));
		}
	#endif // C++17
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Compare substring to a string.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of first character of substring.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters in substring.
	       *  @param __str  String to compare against.
	       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
	       *
	       *  Form the substring of this string from the @a __n characters
	       *  starting at @a __pos.  Returns an integer < 0 if the
	       *  substring is ordered before @a __str, 0 if their values are
	       *  equivalent, or > 0 if the substring is ordered after @a
	       *  __str.  Determines the effective length rlen of the strings
	       *  to compare as the smallest of the length of the substring
	       *  and @a __str.size().  The function then compares the two
	       *  strings by calling
	       *  traits::compare(substring.data(),str.data(),rlen).  If the
	       *  result of the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise
	       *  the shorter one is ordered first.
	      */
	      int
	      compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str) const;
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Compare substring to a substring.
	       *  @param __pos1  Index of first character of substring.
	       *  @param __n1  Number of characters in substring.
	       *  @param __str  String to compare against.
	       *  @param __pos2  Index of first character of substring of str.
	       *  @param __n2  Number of characters in substring of str.
	       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
	       *
	       *  Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
	       *  characters starting at @a __pos1.  Form the substring of @a
	       *  __str from the @a __n2 characters starting at @a __pos2.
	       *  Returns an integer < 0 if this substring is ordered before
	       *  the substring of @a __str, 0 if their values are equivalent,
	       *  or > 0 if this substring is ordered after the substring of
	       *  @a __str.  Determines the effective length rlen of the
	       *  strings to compare as the smallest of the lengths of the
	       *  substrings.  The function then compares the two strings by
	       *  calling
	       *  traits::compare(substring.data(),str.substr(pos2,n2).data(),rlen).
	       *  If the result of the comparison is nonzero returns it,
	       *  otherwise the shorter one is ordered first.
	      */
	      int
	      compare(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
		      size_type __pos2, size_type __n2 = npos) const;
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Compare to a C string.
	       *  @param __s  C string to compare against.
	       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
	       *
	       *  Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a __s, 0 if
	       *  their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this string is ordered after
	       *  @a __s.  Determines the effective length rlen of the strings to
	       *  compare as the smallest of size() and the length of a string
	       *  constructed from @a __s.  The function then compares the two strings
	       *  by calling traits::compare(data(),s,rlen).  If the result of the
	       *  comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter one is
	       *  ordered first.
	      */
	      int
	      compare(const _CharT* __s) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
	
	      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
	      // 5 String::compare specification questionable
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Compare substring to a C string.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of first character of substring.
	       *  @param __n1  Number of characters in substring.
	       *  @param __s  C string to compare against.
	       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
	       *
	       *  Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
	       *  characters starting at @a pos.  Returns an integer < 0 if
	       *  the substring is ordered before @a __s, 0 if their values
	       *  are equivalent, or > 0 if the substring is ordered after @a
	       *  __s.  Determines the effective length rlen of the strings to
	       *  compare as the smallest of the length of the substring and
	       *  the length of a string constructed from @a __s.  The
	       *  function then compares the two string by calling
	       *  traits::compare(substring.data(),__s,rlen).  If the result of
	       *  the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter
	       *  one is ordered first.
	      */
	      int
	      compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s) const;
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Compare substring against a character %array.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of first character of substring.
	       *  @param __n1  Number of characters in substring.
	       *  @param __s  character %array to compare against.
	       *  @param __n2  Number of characters of s.
	       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
	       *
	       *  Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
	       *  characters starting at @a __pos.  Form a string from the
	       *  first @a __n2 characters of @a __s.  Returns an integer < 0
	       *  if this substring is ordered before the string from @a __s,
	       *  0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this substring
	       *  is ordered after the string from @a __s.  Determines the
	       *  effective length rlen of the strings to compare as the
	       *  smallest of the length of the substring and @a __n2.  The
	       *  function then compares the two strings by calling
	       *  traits::compare(substring.data(),s,rlen).  If the result of
	       *  the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter
	       *  one is ordered first.
	       *
	       *  NB: s must have at least n2 characters, &apos;\\0&apos; has
	       *  no special meaning.
	      */
	      int
	      compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
		      size_type __n2) const;
	
	      // Allow basic_stringbuf::__xfer_bufptrs to call _M_length:
	      template<typename, typename, typename> friend class basic_stringbuf;
	    };
	_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_CXX11
	#else  // !_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
	  // Reference-counted COW string implentation
	
	  /**
	   *  @class basic_string basic_string.h <string>
	   *  @brief  Managing sequences of characters and character-like objects.
	   *
	   *  @ingroup strings
	   *  @ingroup sequences
	   *
	   *  @tparam _CharT  Type of character
	   *  @tparam _Traits  Traits for character type, defaults to
	   *                   char_traits<_CharT>.
	   *  @tparam _Alloc  Allocator type, defaults to allocator<_CharT>.
	   *
	   *  Meets the requirements of a <a href="tables.html#65">container</a>, a
	   *  <a href="tables.html#66">reversible container</a>, and a
	   *  <a href="tables.html#67">sequence</a>.  Of the
	   *  <a href="tables.html#68">optional sequence requirements</a>, only
	   *  @c push_back, @c at, and @c %array access are supported.
	   *
	   *  @doctodo
	   *
	   *
	   *  Documentation?  What's that?
	   *  Nathan Myers <ncm@cantrip.org>.
	   *
	   *  A string looks like this:
	   *
	   *  @code
	   *                                        [_Rep]
	   *                                        _M_length
	   *   [basic_string<char_type>]            _M_capacity
	   *   _M_dataplus                          _M_refcount
	   *   _M_p ---------------->               unnamed array of char_type
	   *  @endcode
	   *
	   *  Where the _M_p points to the first character in the string, and
	   *  you cast it to a pointer-to-_Rep and subtract 1 to get a
	   *  pointer to the header.
	   *
	   *  This approach has the enormous advantage that a string object
	   *  requires only one allocation.  All the ugliness is confined
	   *  within a single %pair of inline functions, which each compile to
	   *  a single @a add instruction: _Rep::_M_data(), and
	   *  string::_M_rep(); and the allocation function which gets a
	   *  block of raw bytes and with room enough and constructs a _Rep
	   *  object at the front.
	   *
	   *  The reason you want _M_data pointing to the character %array and
	   *  not the _Rep is so that the debugger can see the string
	   *  contents. (Probably we should add a non-inline member to get
	   *  the _Rep for the debugger to use, so users can check the actual
	   *  string length.)
	   *
	   *  Note that the _Rep object is a POD so that you can have a
	   *  static <em>empty string</em> _Rep object already @a constructed before
	   *  static constructors have run.  The reference-count encoding is
	   *  chosen so that a 0 indicates one reference, so you never try to
	   *  destroy the empty-string _Rep object.
	   *
	   *  All but the last paragraph is considered pretty conventional
	   *  for a C++ string implementation.
	  */
	  // 21.3  Template class basic_string
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    class basic_string
	    {
	      typedef typename _Alloc::template rebind<_CharT>::other _CharT_alloc_type;
	
	      // Types:
	    public:
	      typedef _Traits					    traits_type;
	      typedef typename _Traits::char_type		    value_type;
	      typedef _Alloc					    allocator_type;
	      typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::size_type	    size_type;
	      typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::difference_type   difference_type;
	      typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::reference	    reference;
	      typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::const_reference   const_reference;
	      typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::pointer	    pointer;
	      typedef typename _CharT_alloc_type::const_pointer	    const_pointer;
	      typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<pointer, basic_string>  iterator;
	      typedef __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<const_pointer, basic_string>
	                                                            const_iterator;
	      typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator>	const_reverse_iterator;
	      typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator>		    reverse_iterator;
	
	    private:
	      // _Rep: string representation
	      //   Invariants:
	      //   1. String really contains _M_length + 1 characters: due to 21.3.4
	      //      must be kept null-terminated.
	      //   2. _M_capacity >= _M_length
	      //      Allocated memory is always (_M_capacity + 1) * sizeof(_CharT).
	      //   3. _M_refcount has three states:
	      //      -1: leaked, one reference, no ref-copies allowed, non-const.
	      //       0: one reference, non-const.
	      //     n>0: n + 1 references, operations require a lock, const.
	      //   4. All fields==0 is an empty string, given the extra storage
	      //      beyond-the-end for a null terminator; thus, the shared
	      //      empty string representation needs no constructor.
	
	      struct _Rep_base
	      {
		size_type		_M_length;
		size_type		_M_capacity;
		_Atomic_word		_M_refcount;
	      };
	
	      struct _Rep : _Rep_base
	      {
		// Types:
		typedef typename _Alloc::template rebind<char>::other _Raw_bytes_alloc;
	
		// (Public) Data members:
	
		// The maximum number of individual char_type elements of an
		// individual string is determined by _S_max_size. This is the
		// value that will be returned by max_size().  (Whereas npos
		// is the maximum number of bytes the allocator can allocate.)
		// If one was to divvy up the theoretical largest size string,
		// with a terminating character and m _CharT elements, it'd
		// look like this:
		// npos = sizeof(_Rep) + (m * sizeof(_CharT)) + sizeof(_CharT)
		// Solving for m:
		// m = ((npos - sizeof(_Rep))/sizeof(CharT)) - 1
		// In addition, this implementation quarters this amount.
		static const size_type	_S_max_size;
		static const _CharT	_S_terminal;
	
		// The following storage is init'd to 0 by the linker, resulting
	        // (carefully) in an empty string with one reference.
	        static size_type _S_empty_rep_storage[];
	
	        static _Rep&
	        _S_empty_rep() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	        { 
		  // NB: Mild hack to avoid strict-aliasing warnings.  Note that
		  // _S_empty_rep_storage is never modified and the punning should
		  // be reasonably safe in this case.
		  void* __p = reinterpret_cast<void*>(&_S_empty_rep_storage);
		  return *reinterpret_cast<_Rep*>(__p);
		}
	
	        bool
		_M_is_leaked() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	        {
	#if defined(__GTHREADS)
	          // _M_refcount is mutated concurrently by _M_refcopy/_M_dispose,
	          // so we need to use an atomic load. However, _M_is_leaked
	          // predicate does not change concurrently (i.e. the string is either
	          // leaked or not), so a relaxed load is enough.
	          return __atomic_load_n(&this->_M_refcount, __ATOMIC_RELAXED) < 0;
	#else
	          return this->_M_refcount < 0;
	#endif
	        }
	
	        bool
		_M_is_shared() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
		{
	#if defined(__GTHREADS)
	          // _M_refcount is mutated concurrently by _M_refcopy/_M_dispose,
	          // so we need to use an atomic load. Another thread can drop last
	          // but one reference concurrently with this check, so we need this
	          // load to be acquire to synchronize with release fetch_and_add in
	          // _M_dispose.
	          return __atomic_load_n(&this->_M_refcount, __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE) > 0;
	#else
	          return this->_M_refcount > 0;
	#endif
	        }
	
	        void
		_M_set_leaked() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	        { this->_M_refcount = -1; }
	
	        void
		_M_set_sharable() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	        { this->_M_refcount = 0; }
	
		void
		_M_set_length_and_sharable(size_type __n) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
		{
	#if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
		  if (__builtin_expect(this != &_S_empty_rep(), false))
	#endif
		    {
		      this->_M_set_sharable();  // One reference.
		      this->_M_length = __n;
		      traits_type::assign(this->_M_refdata()[__n], _S_terminal);
		      // grrr. (per 21.3.4)
		      // You cannot leave those LWG people alone for a second.
		    }
		}
	
		_CharT*
		_M_refdata() throw()
		{ return reinterpret_cast<_CharT*>(this + 1); }
	
		_CharT*
		_M_grab(const _Alloc& __alloc1, const _Alloc& __alloc2)
		{
		  return (!_M_is_leaked() && __alloc1 == __alloc2)
		          ? _M_refcopy() : _M_clone(__alloc1);
		}
	
		// Create & Destroy
		static _Rep*
		_S_create(size_type, size_type, const _Alloc&);
	
		void
		_M_dispose(const _Alloc& __a) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
		{
	#if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
		  if (__builtin_expect(this != &_S_empty_rep(), false))
	#endif
		    {
		      // Be race-detector-friendly.  For more info see bits/c++config.
		      _GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_BEFORE(&this->_M_refcount);
	              // Decrement of _M_refcount is acq_rel, because:
	              // - all but last decrements need to release to synchronize with
	              //   the last decrement that will delete the object.
	              // - the last decrement needs to acquire to synchronize with
	              //   all the previous decrements.
	              // - last but one decrement needs to release to synchronize with
	              //   the acquire load in _M_is_shared that will conclude that
	              //   the object is not shared anymore.
		      if (__gnu_cxx::__exchange_and_add_dispatch(&this->_M_refcount,
								 -1) <= 0)
			{
			  _GLIBCXX_SYNCHRONIZATION_HAPPENS_AFTER(&this->_M_refcount);
			  _M_destroy(__a);
			}
		    }
		}  // XXX MT
	
		void
		_M_destroy(const _Alloc&) throw();
	
		_CharT*
		_M_refcopy() throw()
		{
	#if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
		  if (__builtin_expect(this != &_S_empty_rep(), false))
	#endif
	            __gnu_cxx::__atomic_add_dispatch(&this->_M_refcount, 1);
		  return _M_refdata();
		}  // XXX MT
	
		_CharT*
		_M_clone(const _Alloc&, size_type __res = 0);
	      };
	
	      // Use empty-base optimization: http://www.cantrip.org/emptyopt.html
	      struct _Alloc_hider : _Alloc
	      {
		_Alloc_hider(_CharT* __dat, const _Alloc& __a) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
		: _Alloc(__a), _M_p(__dat) { }
	
		_CharT* _M_p; // The actual data.
	      };
	
	    public:
	      // Data Members (public):
	      // NB: This is an unsigned type, and thus represents the maximum
	      // size that the allocator can hold.
	      ///  Value returned by various member functions when they fail.
	      static const size_type	npos = static_cast<size_type>(-1);
	
	    private:
	      // Data Members (private):
	      mutable _Alloc_hider	_M_dataplus;
	
	      _CharT*
	      _M_data() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return  _M_dataplus._M_p; }
	
	      _CharT*
	      _M_data(_CharT* __p) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return (_M_dataplus._M_p = __p); }
	
	      _Rep*
	      _M_rep() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return &((reinterpret_cast<_Rep*> (_M_data()))[-1]); }
	
	      // For the internal use we have functions similar to `begin'/`end'
	      // but they do not call _M_leak.
	      iterator
	      _M_ibegin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return iterator(_M_data()); }
	
	      iterator
	      _M_iend() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
	
	      void
	      _M_leak()    // for use in begin() & non-const op[]
	      {
		if (!_M_rep()->_M_is_leaked())
		  _M_leak_hard();
	      }
	
	      size_type
	      _M_check(size_type __pos, const char* __s) const
	      {
		if (__pos > this->size())
		  __throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("%s: __pos (which is %zu) > "
					       "this->size() (which is %zu)"),
					   __s, __pos, this->size());
		return __pos;
	      }
	
	      void
	      _M_check_length(size_type __n1, size_type __n2, const char* __s) const
	      {
		if (this->max_size() - (this->size() - __n1) < __n2)
		  __throw_length_error(__N(__s));
	      }
	
	      // NB: _M_limit doesn't check for a bad __pos value.
	      size_type
	      _M_limit(size_type __pos, size_type __off) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		const bool __testoff =  __off < this->size() - __pos;
		return __testoff ? __off : this->size() - __pos;
	      }
	
	      // True if _Rep and source do not overlap.
	      bool
	      _M_disjunct(const _CharT* __s) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		return (less<const _CharT*>()(__s, _M_data())
			|| less<const _CharT*>()(_M_data() + this->size(), __s));
	      }
	
	      // When __n = 1 way faster than the general multichar
	      // traits_type::copy/move/assign.
	      static void
	      _M_copy(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		if (__n == 1)
		  traits_type::assign(*__d, *__s);
		else
		  traits_type::copy(__d, __s, __n);
	      }
	
	      static void
	      _M_move(_CharT* __d, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		if (__n == 1)
		  traits_type::assign(*__d, *__s);
		else
		  traits_type::move(__d, __s, __n);	  
	      }
	
	      static void
	      _M_assign(_CharT* __d, size_type __n, _CharT __c) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		if (__n == 1)
		  traits_type::assign(*__d, __c);
		else
		  traits_type::assign(__d, __n, __c);	  
	      }
	
	      // _S_copy_chars is a separate template to permit specialization
	      // to optimize for the common case of pointers as iterators.
	      template<class _Iterator>
	        static void
	        _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _Iterator __k1, _Iterator __k2)
	        {
		  for (; __k1 != __k2; ++__k1, (void)++__p)
		    traits_type::assign(*__p, *__k1); // These types are off.
		}
	
	      static void
	      _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, iterator __k1, iterator __k2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
	
	      static void
	      _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { _S_copy_chars(__p, __k1.base(), __k2.base()); }
	
	      static void
	      _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { _M_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
	
	      static void
	      _S_copy_chars(_CharT* __p, const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { _M_copy(__p, __k1, __k2 - __k1); }
	
	      static int
	      _S_compare(size_type __n1, size_type __n2) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		const difference_type __d = difference_type(__n1 - __n2);
	
		if (__d > __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__max)
		  return __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__max;
		else if (__d < __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__min)
		  return __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<int>::__min;
		else
		  return int(__d);
	      }
	
	      void
	      _M_mutate(size_type __pos, size_type __len1, size_type __len2);
	
	      void
	      _M_leak_hard();
	
	      static _Rep&
	      _S_empty_rep() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return _Rep::_S_empty_rep(); }
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      // A helper type for avoiding boiler-plate.
	      typedef basic_string_view<_CharT, _Traits> __sv_type;
	
	      template<typename _Tp, typename _Res>
		using _If_sv = enable_if_t<
		  __and_<is_convertible<const _Tp&, __sv_type>,
			 __not_<is_convertible<const _Tp*, const basic_string*>>,
			 __not_<is_convertible<const _Tp&, const _CharT*>>>::value,
		  _Res>;
	
	      // Allows an implicit conversion to __sv_type.
	      static __sv_type
	      _S_to_string_view(__sv_type __svt) noexcept
	      { return __svt; }
	
	      // Wraps a string_view by explicit conversion and thus
	      // allows to add an internal constructor that does not
	      // participate in overload resolution when a string_view
	      // is provided.
	      struct __sv_wrapper
	      {
		explicit __sv_wrapper(__sv_type __sv) noexcept : _M_sv(__sv) { }
		__sv_type _M_sv;
	      };
	#endif
	
	    public:
	      // Construct/copy/destroy:
	      // NB: We overload ctors in some cases instead of using default
	      // arguments, per 17.4.4.4 para. 2 item 2.
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Default constructor creates an empty string.
	       */
	      basic_string()
	#if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
	      : _M_dataplus(_S_empty_rep()._M_refdata(), _Alloc()) { }
	#else
	      : _M_dataplus(_S_construct(size_type(), _CharT(), _Alloc()), _Alloc()){ }
	#endif
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct an empty string using allocator @a a.
	       */
	      explicit
	      basic_string(const _Alloc& __a);
	
	      // NB: per LWG issue 42, semantics different from IS:
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct string with copy of value of @a str.
	       *  @param  __str  Source string.
	       */
	      basic_string(const basic_string& __str);
	
	      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
	      // 2583. no way to supply an allocator for basic_string(str, pos)
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct string as copy of a substring.
	       *  @param  __str  Source string.
	       *  @param  __pos  Index of first character to copy from.
	       *  @param  __a  Allocator to use.
	       */
	      basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
			   const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct string as copy of a substring.
	       *  @param  __str  Source string.
	       *  @param  __pos  Index of first character to copy from.
	       *  @param  __n  Number of characters to copy.
	       */
	      basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
			   size_type __n);
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct string as copy of a substring.
	       *  @param  __str  Source string.
	       *  @param  __pos  Index of first character to copy from.
	       *  @param  __n  Number of characters to copy.
	       *  @param  __a  Allocator to use.
	       */
	      basic_string(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos,
			   size_type __n, const _Alloc& __a);
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct string initialized by a character %array.
	       *  @param  __s  Source character %array.
	       *  @param  __n  Number of characters to copy.
	       *  @param  __a  Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
	       *
	       *  NB: @a __s must have at least @a __n characters, &apos;\\0&apos;
	       *  has no special meaning.
	       */
	      basic_string(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n,
			   const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct string as copy of a C string.
	       *  @param  __s  Source C string.
	       *  @param  __a  Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
	       */
	      basic_string(const _CharT* __s, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct string as multiple characters.
	       *  @param  __n  Number of characters.
	       *  @param  __c  Character to use.
	       *  @param  __a  Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
	       */
	      basic_string(size_type __n, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Move construct string.
	       *  @param  __str  Source string.
	       *
	       *  The newly-created string contains the exact contents of @a __str.
	       *  @a __str is a valid, but unspecified string.
	       **/
	      basic_string(basic_string&& __str)
	#if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
	      noexcept // FIXME C++11: should always be noexcept.
	#endif
	      : _M_dataplus(__str._M_dataplus)
	      {
	#if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
		__str._M_data(_S_empty_rep()._M_refdata());
	#else
		__str._M_data(_S_construct(size_type(), _CharT(), get_allocator()));
	#endif
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct string from an initializer %list.
	       *  @param  __l  std::initializer_list of characters.
	       *  @param  __a  Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
	       */
	      basic_string(initializer_list<_CharT> __l, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
	#endif // C++11
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct string as copy of a range.
	       *  @param  __beg  Start of range.
	       *  @param  __end  End of range.
	       *  @param  __a  Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
	       */
	      template<class _InputIterator>
	        basic_string(_InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end,
			     const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc());
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct string from a substring of a string_view.
	       *  @param  __t   Source object convertible to string view.
	       *  @param  __pos The index of the first character to copy from __t.
	       *  @param  __n   The number of characters to copy from __t.
	       *  @param  __a   Allocator to use.
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp, typename = _If_sv<_Tp, void>>
		basic_string(const _Tp& __t, size_type __pos, size_type __n,
			     const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
		: basic_string(_S_to_string_view(__t).substr(__pos, __n), __a) { }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Construct string from a string_view.
	       *  @param  __t  Source object convertible to string view.
	       *  @param  __a  Allocator to use (default is default allocator).
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp, typename = _If_sv<_Tp, void>>
		explicit
		basic_string(const _Tp& __t, const _Alloc& __a = _Alloc())
		: basic_string(__sv_wrapper(_S_to_string_view(__t)), __a) { }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Only internally used: Construct string from a string view
	       *          wrapper.
	       *  @param  __svw  string view wrapper.
	       *  @param  __a  Allocator to use.
	       */
	      explicit
	      basic_string(__sv_wrapper __svw, const _Alloc& __a)
	      : basic_string(__svw._M_sv.data(), __svw._M_sv.size(), __a) { }
	#endif // C++17
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Destroy the string instance.
	       */
	      ~basic_string() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { _M_rep()->_M_dispose(this->get_allocator()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Assign the value of @a str to this string.
	       *  @param  __str  Source string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      operator=(const basic_string& __str) 

	      { return this->assign(__str); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Copy contents of @a s into this string.
	       *  @param  __s  Source null-terminated string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      operator=(const _CharT* __s) 
	      { return this->assign(__s); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value to string of length 1.
	       *  @param  __c  Source character.
	       *
	       *  Assigning to a character makes this string length 1 and
	       *  (*this)[0] == @a c.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      operator=(_CharT __c) 
	      { 
		this->assign(1, __c); 
		return *this;
	      }
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Move assign the value of @a str to this string.
	       *  @param  __str  Source string.
	       *
	       *  The contents of @a str are moved into this string (without copying).
	       *  @a str is a valid, but unspecified string.
	       **/
	      // PR 58265, this should be noexcept.
	      basic_string&
	      operator=(basic_string&& __str)
	      {
		// NB: DR 1204.
		this->swap(__str);
		return *this;
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value to string constructed from initializer %list.
	       *  @param  __l  std::initializer_list.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      operator=(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
	      {
		this->assign(__l.begin(), __l.size());
		return *this;
	      }
	#endif // C++11
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value to string constructed from a string_view.
	       *  @param  __svt An object convertible to  string_view.
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
		operator=(const _Tp& __svt)
		{ return this->assign(__svt); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Convert to a string_view.
	       *  @return A string_view.
	       */
	      operator __sv_type() const noexcept
	      { return __sv_type(data(), size()); }
	#endif // C++17
	
	      // Iterators:
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read/write iterator that points to the first character in
	       *  the %string.  Unshares the string.
	       */
	      iterator
	      begin() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
	      {
		_M_leak();
		return iterator(_M_data());
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
	       *  character in the %string.
	       */
	      const_iterator
	      begin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return const_iterator(_M_data()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read/write iterator that points one past the last
	       *  character in the %string.  Unshares the string.
	       */
	      iterator
	      end() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
	      {
		_M_leak();
		return iterator(_M_data() + this->size());
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
	       *  last character in the %string.
	       */
	      const_iterator
	      end() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return const_iterator(_M_data() + this->size()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to the last
	       *  character in the %string.  Iteration is done in reverse element
	       *  order.  Unshares the string.
	       */
	      reverse_iterator
	      rbegin() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
	      { return reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
	       *  to the last character in the %string.  Iteration is done in
	       *  reverse element order.
	       */
	      const_reverse_iterator
	      rbegin() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read/write reverse iterator that points to one before the
	       *  first character in the %string.  Iteration is done in reverse
	       *  element order.  Unshares the string.
	       */
	      reverse_iterator
	      rend() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
	      { return reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
	       *  to one before the first character in the %string.  Iteration
	       *  is done in reverse element order.
	       */
	      const_reverse_iterator
	      rend() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points to the first
	       *  character in the %string.
	       */
	      const_iterator
	      cbegin() const noexcept
	      { return const_iterator(this->_M_data()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read-only (constant) iterator that points one past the
	       *  last character in the %string.
	       */
	      const_iterator
	      cend() const noexcept
	      { return const_iterator(this->_M_data() + this->size()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
	       *  to the last character in the %string.  Iteration is done in
	       *  reverse element order.
	       */
	      const_reverse_iterator
	      crbegin() const noexcept
	      { return const_reverse_iterator(this->end()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read-only (constant) reverse iterator that points
	       *  to one before the first character in the %string.  Iteration
	       *  is done in reverse element order.
	       */
	      const_reverse_iterator
	      crend() const noexcept
	      { return const_reverse_iterator(this->begin()); }
	#endif
	
	    public:
	      // Capacity:
	      ///  Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
	      ///  null-termination.
	      size_type
	      size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return _M_rep()->_M_length; }
	
	      ///  Returns the number of characters in the string, not including any
	      ///  null-termination.
	      size_type
	      length() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return _M_rep()->_M_length; }
	
	      ///  Returns the size() of the largest possible %string.
	      size_type
	      max_size() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return _Rep::_S_max_size; }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
	       *  @param  __n  Number of characters the %string should contain.
	       *  @param  __c  Character to fill any new elements.
	       *
	       *  This function will %resize the %string to the specified
	       *  number of characters.  If the number is smaller than the
	       *  %string's current size the %string is truncated, otherwise
	       *  the %string is extended and new elements are %set to @a __c.
	       */
	      void
	      resize(size_type __n, _CharT __c);
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Resizes the %string to the specified number of characters.
	       *  @param  __n  Number of characters the %string should contain.
	       *
	       *  This function will resize the %string to the specified length.  If
	       *  the new size is smaller than the %string's current size the %string
	       *  is truncated, otherwise the %string is extended and new characters
	       *  are default-constructed.  For basic types such as char, this means
	       *  setting them to 0.
	       */
	      void
	      resize(size_type __n)
	      { this->resize(__n, _CharT()); }
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      ///  A non-binding request to reduce capacity() to size().
	      void
	      shrink_to_fit() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
	#if __cpp_exceptions
		if (capacity() > size())
		  {
		    try
		      { reserve(0); }
		    catch(...)
		      { }
		  }
	#endif
	      }
	#endif
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns the total number of characters that the %string can hold
	       *  before needing to allocate more memory.
	       */
	      size_type
	      capacity() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return _M_rep()->_M_capacity; }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Attempt to preallocate enough memory for specified number of
	       *          characters.
	       *  @param  __res_arg  Number of characters required.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If @a __res_arg exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  This function attempts to reserve enough memory for the
	       *  %string to hold the specified number of characters.  If the
	       *  number requested is more than max_size(), length_error is
	       *  thrown.
	       *
	       *  The advantage of this function is that if optimal code is a
	       *  necessity and the user can determine the string length that will be
	       *  required, the user can reserve the memory in %advance, and thus
	       *  prevent a possible reallocation of memory and copying of %string
	       *  data.
	       */
	      void
	      reserve(size_type __res_arg = 0);
	
	      /**
	       *  Erases the string, making it empty.
	       */
	#if _GLIBCXX_FULLY_DYNAMIC_STRING == 0
	      void
	      clear() _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		if (_M_rep()->_M_is_shared())
		  {
		    _M_rep()->_M_dispose(this->get_allocator());
		    _M_data(_S_empty_rep()._M_refdata());
		  }
		else
		  _M_rep()->_M_set_length_and_sharable(0);
	      }
	#else
	      // PR 56166: this should not throw.
	      void
	      clear()
	      { _M_mutate(0, this->size(), 0); }
	#endif
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns true if the %string is empty.  Equivalent to 
	       *  <code>*this == ""</code>.
	       */
	      bool
	      empty() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return this->size() == 0; }
	
	      // Element access:
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
	       *  @param  __pos  The index of the character to access.
	       *  @return  Read-only (constant) reference to the character.
	       *
	       *  This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
	       *  Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
	       *  out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
	       *  see at().)
	       */
	      const_reference
	      operator[] (size_type __pos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		__glibcxx_assert(__pos <= size());
		return _M_data()[__pos];
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Subscript access to the data contained in the %string.
	       *  @param  __pos  The index of the character to access.
	       *  @return  Read/write reference to the character.
	       *
	       *  This operator allows for easy, array-style, data access.
	       *  Note that data access with this operator is unchecked and
	       *  out_of_range lookups are not defined. (For checked lookups
	       *  see at().)  Unshares the string.
	       */
	      reference
	      operator[](size_type __pos)
	      {
	        // Allow pos == size() both in C++98 mode, as v3 extension,
		// and in C++11 mode.
		__glibcxx_assert(__pos <= size());
	        // In pedantic mode be strict in C++98 mode.
		_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__cplusplus >= 201103L || __pos < size());
		_M_leak();
		return _M_data()[__pos];
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
	       *  @param __n The index of the character to access.
	       *  @return  Read-only (const) reference to the character.
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a n is an invalid index.
	       *
	       *  This function provides for safer data access.  The parameter is
	       *  first checked that it is in the range of the string.  The function
	       *  throws out_of_range if the check fails.
	       */
	      const_reference
	      at(size_type __n) const
	      {
		if (__n >= this->size())
		  __throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("basic_string::at: __n "
					       "(which is %zu) >= this->size() "
					       "(which is %zu)"),
					   __n, this->size());
		return _M_data()[__n];
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Provides access to the data contained in the %string.
	       *  @param __n The index of the character to access.
	       *  @return  Read/write reference to the character.
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a n is an invalid index.
	       *
	       *  This function provides for safer data access.  The parameter is
	       *  first checked that it is in the range of the string.  The function
	       *  throws out_of_range if the check fails.  Success results in
	       *  unsharing the string.
	       */
	      reference
	      at(size_type __n)
	      {
		if (__n >= size())
		  __throw_out_of_range_fmt(__N("basic_string::at: __n "
					       "(which is %zu) >= this->size() "
					       "(which is %zu)"),
					   __n, this->size());
		_M_leak();
		return _M_data()[__n];
	      }
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read/write reference to the data at the first
	       *  element of the %string.
	       */
	      reference
	      front()
	      {
		__glibcxx_assert(!empty());
		return operator[](0);
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read-only (constant) reference to the data at the first
	       *  element of the %string.
	       */
	      const_reference
	      front() const noexcept
	      {
		__glibcxx_assert(!empty());
		return operator[](0);
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read/write reference to the data at the last
	       *  element of the %string.
	       */
	      reference
	      back()
	      {
		__glibcxx_assert(!empty());
		return operator[](this->size() - 1);
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  Returns a read-only (constant) reference to the data at the
	       *  last element of the %string.
	       */
	      const_reference
	      back() const noexcept
	      {
		__glibcxx_assert(!empty());
		return operator[](this->size() - 1);
	      }
	#endif
	
	      // Modifiers:
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a string to this string.
	       *  @param __str  The string to append.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      operator+=(const basic_string& __str)
	      { return this->append(__str); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a C string.
	       *  @param __s  The C string to append.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      operator+=(const _CharT* __s)
	      { return this->append(__s); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a character.
	       *  @param __c  The character to append.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      operator+=(_CharT __c)
	      { 
		this->push_back(__c);
		return *this;
	      }
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append an initializer_list of characters.
	       *  @param __l  The initializer_list of characters to be appended.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      operator+=(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
	      { return this->append(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
	#endif // C++11
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a string_view.
	       *  @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to be appended.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
		operator+=(const _Tp& __svt)
		{ return this->append(__svt); }
	#endif // C++17
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a string to this string.
	       *  @param __str  The string to append.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      append(const basic_string& __str);
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a substring.
	       *  @param __str  The string to append.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of the first character of str to append.
	       *  @param __n  The number of characters to append.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range if @a __pos is not a valid index.
	       *
	       *  This function appends @a __n characters from @a __str
	       *  starting at @a __pos to this string.  If @a __n is is larger
	       *  than the number of available characters in @a __str, the
	       *  remainder of @a __str is appended.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      append(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n = npos);
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a C substring.
	       *  @param __s  The C string to append.
	       *  @param __n  The number of characters to append.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      append(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a C string.
	       *  @param __s  The C string to append.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      append(const _CharT* __s)
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
		return this->append(__s, traits_type::length(__s));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append multiple characters.
	       *  @param __n  The number of characters to append.
	       *  @param __c  The character to use.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *
	       *  Appends __n copies of __c to this string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      append(size_type __n, _CharT __c);
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append an initializer_list of characters.
	       *  @param __l  The initializer_list of characters to append.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      append(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
	      { return this->append(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
	#endif // C++11
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a range of characters.
	       *  @param __first  Iterator referencing the first character to append.
	       *  @param __last  Iterator marking the end of the range.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *
	       *  Appends characters in the range [__first,__last) to this string.
	       */
	      template<class _InputIterator>
	        basic_string&
	        append(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
	        { return this->replace(_M_iend(), _M_iend(), __first, __last); }
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a string_view.
	       *  @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to be appended.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
		append(const _Tp& __svt)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->append(__sv.data(), __sv.size());
		}
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a range of characters from a string_view.
	       *  @param __svt The object convertible to string_view to be appended
	       *               from.
	       *  @param __pos The position in the string_view to append from.
	       *  @param __n   The number of characters to append from the string_view.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp>
	        _If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
		append(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos, size_type __n = npos)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return append(__sv.data()
				+ __sv._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::append"),
				__sv._M_limit(__pos, __n));
		}
	#endif // C++17
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Append a single character.
	       *  @param __c  Character to append.
	       */
	      void
	      push_back(_CharT __c)
	      { 
		const size_type __len = 1 + this->size();
		if (__len > this->capacity() || _M_rep()->_M_is_shared())
		  this->reserve(__len);
		traits_type::assign(_M_data()[this->size()], __c);
		_M_rep()->_M_set_length_and_sharable(__len);
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value to contents of another string.
	       *  @param  __str  Source string to use.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      assign(const basic_string& __str);
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value to contents of another string.
	       *  @param  __str  Source string to use.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *
	       *  This function sets this string to the exact contents of @a __str.
	       *  @a __str is a valid, but unspecified string.
	       */
	      // PR 58265, this should be noexcept.
	      basic_string&
	      assign(basic_string&& __str)
	      {
		this->swap(__str);
		return *this;
	      }
	#endif // C++11
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value to a substring of a string.
	       *  @param __str  The string to use.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of the first character of str.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters to use.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range if @a pos is not a valid index.
	       *
	       *  This function sets this string to the substring of @a __str
	       *  consisting of @a __n characters at @a __pos.  If @a __n is
	       *  is larger than the number of available characters in @a
	       *  __str, the remainder of @a __str is used.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      assign(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos, size_type __n = npos)
	      { return this->assign(__str._M_data()
				    + __str._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::assign"),
				    __str._M_limit(__pos, __n)); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value to a C substring.
	       *  @param __s  The C string to use.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters to use.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *
	       *  This function sets the value of this string to the first @a __n
	       *  characters of @a __s.  If @a __n is is larger than the number of
	       *  available characters in @a __s, the remainder of @a __s is used.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      assign(const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value to contents of a C string.
	       *  @param __s  The C string to use.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *
	       *  This function sets the value of this string to the value of @a __s.
	       *  The data is copied, so there is no dependence on @a __s once the
	       *  function returns.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      assign(const _CharT* __s)
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
		return this->assign(__s, traits_type::length(__s));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value to multiple characters.
	       *  @param __n  Length of the resulting string.
	       *  @param __c  The character to use.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *
	       *  This function sets the value of this string to @a __n copies of
	       *  character @a __c.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      assign(size_type __n, _CharT __c)
	      { return _M_replace_aux(size_type(0), this->size(), __n, __c); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value to a range of characters.
	       *  @param __first  Iterator referencing the first character to append.
	       *  @param __last  Iterator marking the end of the range.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *
	       *  Sets value of string to characters in the range [__first,__last).
	      */
	      template<class _InputIterator>
	        basic_string&
	        assign(_InputIterator __first, _InputIterator __last)
	        { return this->replace(_M_ibegin(), _M_iend(), __first, __last); }
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value to an initializer_list of characters.
	       *  @param __l  The initializer_list of characters to assign.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      basic_string&
	      assign(initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
	      { return this->assign(__l.begin(), __l.size()); }
	#endif // C++11
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value from a string_view.
	       *  @param __svt The source object convertible to string_view.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
		assign(const _Tp& __svt)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->assign(__sv.data(), __sv.size());
		}
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Set value from a range of characters in a string_view.
	       *  @param __svt  The source object convertible to string_view.
	       *  @param __pos  The position in the string_view to assign from.
	       *  @param __n  The number of characters to assign.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp>
	        _If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
	        assign(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos, size_type __n = npos)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return assign(__sv.data()
				+ __sv._M_check(__pos, "basic_string::assign"),
				__sv._M_limit(__pos, __n));
		}
	#endif // C++17
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert multiple characters.
	       *  @param __p  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters to insert
	       *  @param __c  The character to insert.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at the
	       *  position referenced by iterator @a __p.  If adding
	       *  characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
	       *  length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
	       *  change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      void
	      insert(iterator __p, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
	      {	this->replace(__p, __p, __n, __c);  }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert a range of characters.
	       *  @param __p  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
	       *  @param __beg  Start of range.
	       *  @param __end  End of range.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Inserts characters in range [__beg,__end).  If adding
	       *  characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
	       *  length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
	       *  change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      template<class _InputIterator>
	        void
	        insert(iterator __p, _InputIterator __beg, _InputIterator __end)
	        { this->replace(__p, __p, __beg, __end); }
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert an initializer_list of characters.
	       *  @param __p  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
	       *  @param __l  The initializer_list of characters to insert.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       */
	      void
	      insert(iterator __p, initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
	      {
		_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= _M_ibegin() && __p <= _M_iend());
		this->insert(__p - _M_ibegin(), __l.begin(), __l.size());
	      }
	#endif // C++11
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert value of a string.
	       *  @param __pos1  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
	       *  @param __str  The string to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Inserts value of @a __str starting at @a __pos1.  If adding
	       *  characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
	       *  length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
	       *  change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str)
	      { return this->insert(__pos1, __str, size_type(0), __str.size()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert a substring.
	       *  @param __pos1  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
	       *  @param __str  The string to insert.
	       *  @param __pos2  Start of characters in str to insert.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos1 > size() or
	       *  @a __pos2 > @a str.size().
	       *
	       *  Starting at @a pos1, insert @a __n character of @a __str
	       *  beginning with @a __pos2.  If adding characters causes the
	       *  length to exceed max_size(), length_error is thrown.  If @a
	       *  __pos1 is beyond the end of this string or @a __pos2 is
	       *  beyond the end of @a __str, out_of_range is thrown.  The
	       *  value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      insert(size_type __pos1, const basic_string& __str,
		     size_type __pos2, size_type __n = npos)
	      { return this->insert(__pos1, __str._M_data()
				    + __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::insert"),
				    __str._M_limit(__pos2, __n)); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert a C substring.
	       *  @param __pos  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
	       *  @param __s  The C string to insert.
	       *  @param __n  The number of characters to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a __pos is beyond the end of this
	       *  string.
	       *
	       *  Inserts the first @a __n characters of @a __s starting at @a
	       *  __pos.  If adding characters causes the length to exceed
	       *  max_size(), length_error is thrown.  If @a __pos is beyond
	       *  end(), out_of_range is thrown.  The value of the string
	       *  doesn't change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n);
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert a C string.
	       *  @param __pos  Iterator referencing location in string to insert at.
	       *  @param __s  The C string to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos is beyond the end of this
	       *  string.
	       *
	       *  Inserts the first @a n characters of @a __s starting at @a __pos.  If
	       *  adding characters causes the length to exceed max_size(),
	       *  length_error is thrown.  If @a __pos is beyond end(), out_of_range is
	       *  thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
	       *  thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      insert(size_type __pos, const _CharT* __s)
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
		return this->insert(__pos, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert multiple characters.
	       *  @param __pos  Index in string to insert at.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters to insert
	       *  @param __c  The character to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a __pos is beyond the end of this
	       *  string.
	       *
	       *  Inserts @a __n copies of character @a __c starting at index
	       *  @a __pos.  If adding characters causes the length to exceed
	       *  max_size(), length_error is thrown.  If @a __pos > length(),
	       *  out_of_range is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
	       *  change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      insert(size_type __pos, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
	      { return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::insert"),
				      size_type(0), __n, __c); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert one character.
	       *  @param __p  Iterator referencing position in string to insert at.
	       *  @param __c  The character to insert.
	       *  @return  Iterator referencing newly inserted char.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Inserts character @a __c at position referenced by @a __p.
	       *  If adding character causes the length to exceed max_size(),
	       *  length_error is thrown.  If @a __p is beyond end of string,
	       *  out_of_range is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
	       *  change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      iterator
	      insert(iterator __p, _CharT __c)
	      {
		_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__p >= _M_ibegin() && __p <= _M_iend());
		const size_type __pos = __p - _M_ibegin();
		_M_replace_aux(__pos, size_type(0), size_type(1), __c);
		_M_rep()->_M_set_leaked();
		return iterator(_M_data() + __pos);
	      }
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert a string_view.
	       *  @param __pos  Iterator referencing position in string to insert at.
	       *  @param __svt  The object convertible to string_view to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	      */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
		insert(size_type __pos, const _Tp& __svt)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->insert(__pos, __sv.data(), __sv.size());
		}
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Insert a string_view.
	       *  @param __pos  Iterator referencing position in string to insert at.
	       *  @param __svt  The object convertible to string_view to insert from.
	       *  @param __pos  Iterator referencing position in string_view to insert
	       *  from.
	       *  @param __n    The number of characters to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	      */
	      template<typename _Tp>
	        _If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
	        insert(size_type __pos1, const _Tp& __svt,
		       size_type __pos2, size_type __n = npos)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->replace(__pos1, size_type(0), __sv.data()
				       + __sv._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::insert"),
				       __sv._M_limit(__pos2, __n));
		}
	#endif // C++17
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Remove characters.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of first character to remove (default 0).
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters to remove (default remainder).
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos is beyond the end of this
	       *  string.
	       *
	       *  Removes @a __n characters from this string starting at @a
	       *  __pos.  The length of the string is reduced by @a __n.  If
	       *  there are < @a __n characters to remove, the remainder of
	       *  the string is truncated.  If @a __p is beyond end of string,
	       *  out_of_range is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
	       *  change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      erase(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos)
	      { 
		_M_mutate(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::erase"),
			  _M_limit(__pos, __n), size_type(0));
		return *this;
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Remove one character.
	       *  @param __position  Iterator referencing the character to remove.
	       *  @return  iterator referencing same location after removal.
	       *
	       *  Removes the character at @a __position from this string. The value
	       *  of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      iterator
	      erase(iterator __position)
	      {
		_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(__position >= _M_ibegin()
					 && __position < _M_iend());
		const size_type __pos = __position - _M_ibegin();
		_M_mutate(__pos, size_type(1), size_type(0));
		_M_rep()->_M_set_leaked();
		return iterator(_M_data() + __pos);
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Remove a range of characters.
	       *  @param __first  Iterator referencing the first character to remove.
	       *  @param __last  Iterator referencing the end of the range.
	       *  @return  Iterator referencing location of first after removal.
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [first,last) from this string.
	       *  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      iterator
	      erase(iterator __first, iterator __last);
	 
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Remove the last character.
	       *
	       *  The string must be non-empty.
	       */
	      void
	      pop_back() // FIXME C++11: should be noexcept.
	      {
		__glibcxx_assert(!empty());
		erase(size() - 1, 1);
	      }
	#endif // C++11
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace characters with value from another string.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of first character to replace.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters to be replaced.
	       *  @param __str  String to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos is beyond the end of this
	       *  string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos+__n) from
	       *  this string.  In place, the value of @a __str is inserted.
	       *  If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.
	       *  If the length of the result exceeds max_size(), length_error
	       *  is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if an
	       *  error is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str)
	      { return this->replace(__pos, __n, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace characters with value from another string.
	       *  @param __pos1  Index of first character to replace.
	       *  @param __n1  Number of characters to be replaced.
	       *  @param __str  String to insert.
	       *  @param __pos2  Index of first character of str to use.
	       *  @param __n2  Number of characters from str to use.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a __pos1 > size() or @a __pos2 >
	       *  __str.size().
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [__pos1,__pos1 + n) from this
	       *  string.  In place, the value of @a __str is inserted.  If @a __pos is
	       *  beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.  If the length of the
	       *  result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of the
	       *  string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      replace(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
		      size_type __pos2, size_type __n2 = npos)
	      { return this->replace(__pos1, __n1, __str._M_data()
				     + __str._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::replace"),
				     __str._M_limit(__pos2, __n2)); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace characters with value of a C substring.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of first character to replace.
	       *  @param __n1  Number of characters to be replaced.
	       *  @param __s  C string to insert.
	       *  @param __n2  Number of characters from @a s to use.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos1 > size().
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos + __n1)
	       *  from this string.  In place, the first @a __n2 characters of
	       *  @a __s are inserted, or all of @a __s if @a __n2 is too large.  If
	       *  @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.  If
	       *  the length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is
	       *  thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if an error
	       *  is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
		      size_type __n2);
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace characters with value of a C string.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of first character to replace.
	       *  @param __n1  Number of characters to be replaced.
	       *  @param __s  C string to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a pos > size().
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [__pos,__pos + __n1)
	       *  from this string.  In place, the characters of @a __s are
	       *  inserted.  If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range
	       *  is thrown.  If the length of result exceeds max_size(),
	       *  length_error is thrown.  The value of the string doesn't
	       *  change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s)
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
		return this->replace(__pos, __n1, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace characters with multiple characters.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of first character to replace.
	       *  @param __n1  Number of characters to be replaced.
	       *  @param __n2  Number of characters to insert.
	       *  @param __c  Character to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If @a __pos > size().
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [pos,pos + n1) from this
	       *  string.  In place, @a __n2 copies of @a __c are inserted.
	       *  If @a __pos is beyond end of string, out_of_range is thrown.
	       *  If the length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is
	       *  thrown.  The value of the string doesn't change if an error
	       *  is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, size_type __n2, _CharT __c)
	      { return _M_replace_aux(_M_check(__pos, "basic_string::replace"),
				      _M_limit(__pos, __n1), __n2, __c); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with string.
	       *  @param __i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
	       *  @param __i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
	       *  @param __str  String value to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2).  In place,
	       *  the value of @a __str is inserted.  If the length of result
	       *  exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The value of
	       *  the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const basic_string& __str)
	      { return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __str._M_data(), __str.size()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with C substring.
	       *  @param __i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
	       *  @param __i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
	       *  @param __s  C string value to insert.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters from s to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2).  In place,
	       *  the first @a __n characters of @a __s are inserted.  If the
	       *  length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
	       *  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
	       *  thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const _CharT* __s, size_type __n)
	      {
		_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
					 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
		return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __s, __n);
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with C string.
	       *  @param __i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
	       *  @param __i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
	       *  @param __s  C string value to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2).  In place,
	       *  the characters of @a __s are inserted.  If the length of
	       *  result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The
	       *  value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, const _CharT* __s)
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
		return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __s, traits_type::length(__s));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with multiple characters
	       *  @param __i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
	       *  @param __i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters to insert.
	       *  @param __c  Character to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2).  In place,
	       *  @a __n copies of @a __c are inserted.  If the length of
	       *  result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.  The
	       *  value of the string doesn't change if an error is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string&
	      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, size_type __n, _CharT __c)
	      {
		_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
					 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
		return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __c);
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with range.
	       *  @param __i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
	       *  @param __i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
	       *  @param __k1  Iterator referencing start of range to insert.
	       *  @param __k2  Iterator referencing end of range to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2).  In place,
	       *  characters in the range [__k1,__k2) are inserted.  If the
	       *  length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
	       *  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
	       *  thrown.
	      */
	      template<class _InputIterator>
	        basic_string&
	        replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
			_InputIterator __k1, _InputIterator __k2)
	        {
		  _GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
					   && __i2 <= _M_iend());
		  __glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
		  typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InputIterator>::__type _Integral;
		  return _M_replace_dispatch(__i1, __i2, __k1, __k2, _Integral());
		}
	
	      // Specializations for the common case of pointer and iterator:
	      // useful to avoid the overhead of temporary buffering in _M_replace.
	      basic_string&
	      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _CharT* __k1, _CharT* __k2)
	      {
		_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
					 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
		__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
		return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
				     __k1, __k2 - __k1);
	      }
	
	      basic_string&
	      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
		      const _CharT* __k1, const _CharT* __k2)
	      {
		_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
					 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
		__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
		return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
				     __k1, __k2 - __k1);
	      }
	
	      basic_string&
	      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, iterator __k1, iterator __k2)
	      {
		_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
					 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
		__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
		return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
				     __k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
	      }
	
	      basic_string&
	      replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
		      const_iterator __k1, const_iterator __k2)
	      {
		_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDASSERT(_M_ibegin() <= __i1 && __i1 <= __i2
					 && __i2 <= _M_iend());
		__glibcxx_requires_valid_range(__k1, __k2);
		return this->replace(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1,
				     __k1.base(), __k2 - __k1);
	      }
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with initializer_list.
	       *  @param __i1  Iterator referencing start of range to replace.
	       *  @param __i2  Iterator referencing end of range to replace.
	       *  @param __l  The initializer_list of characters to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	       *  @throw  std::length_error  If new length exceeds @c max_size().
	       *
	       *  Removes the characters in the range [__i1,__i2).  In place,
	       *  characters in the range [__k1,__k2) are inserted.  If the
	       *  length of result exceeds max_size(), length_error is thrown.
	       *  The value of the string doesn't change if an error is
	       *  thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string& replace(iterator __i1, iterator __i2,
				    initializer_list<_CharT> __l)
	      { return this->replace(__i1, __i2, __l.begin(), __l.end()); }
	#endif // C++11
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with string_view.
	       *  @param __pos  The position to replace at.
	       *  @param __n    The number of characters to replace.
	       *  @param __svt  The object convertible to string_view to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	      */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
		replace(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const _Tp& __svt)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->replace(__pos, __n, __sv.data(), __sv.size());
		}
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with string_view.
	       *  @param __pos1  The position to replace at.
	       *  @param __n1    The number of characters to replace.
	       *  @param __svt   The object convertible to string_view to insert from.
	       *  @param __pos2  The position in the string_view to insert from.
	       *  @param __n2    The number of characters to insert.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	      */
	      template<typename _Tp>
	        _If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
	        replace(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const _Tp& __svt,
			size_type __pos2, size_type __n2 = npos)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->replace(__pos1, __n1,
		      __sv.data() + __sv._M_check(__pos2, "basic_string::replace"),
		      __sv._M_limit(__pos2, __n2));
		}
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Replace range of characters with string_view.
	       *  @param __i1    An iterator referencing the start position
	          to replace at.
	       *  @param __i2    An iterator referencing the end position
	          for the replace.
	       *  @param __svt   The object convertible to string_view to insert from.
	       *  @return  Reference to this string.
	      */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, basic_string&>
		replace(const_iterator __i1, const_iterator __i2, const _Tp& __svt)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->replace(__i1 - begin(), __i2 - __i1, __sv);
		}
	#endif // C++17
	
	    private:
	      template<class _Integer>
		basic_string&
		_M_replace_dispatch(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _Integer __n,
				    _Integer __val, __true_type)
	        { return _M_replace_aux(__i1 - _M_ibegin(), __i2 - __i1, __n, __val); }
	
	      template<class _InputIterator>
		basic_string&
		_M_replace_dispatch(iterator __i1, iterator __i2, _InputIterator __k1,
				    _InputIterator __k2, __false_type);
	
	      basic_string&
	      _M_replace_aux(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, size_type __n2,
			     _CharT __c);
	
	      basic_string&
	      _M_replace_safe(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
			      size_type __n2);
	
	      // _S_construct_aux is used to implement the 21.3.1 para 15 which
	      // requires special behaviour if _InIter is an integral type
	      template<class _InIterator>
	        static _CharT*
	        _S_construct_aux(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end,
				 const _Alloc& __a, __false_type)
		{
	          typedef typename iterator_traits<_InIterator>::iterator_category _Tag;
	          return _S_construct(__beg, __end, __a, _Tag());
		}
	
	      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
	      // 438. Ambiguity in the "do the right thing" clause
	      template<class _Integer>
	        static _CharT*
	        _S_construct_aux(_Integer __beg, _Integer __end,
				 const _Alloc& __a, __true_type)
	        { return _S_construct_aux_2(static_cast<size_type>(__beg),
					    __end, __a); }
	
	      static _CharT*
	      _S_construct_aux_2(size_type __req, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a)
	      { return _S_construct(__req, __c, __a); }
	
	      template<class _InIterator>
	        static _CharT*
	        _S_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a)
		{
		  typedef typename std::__is_integer<_InIterator>::__type _Integral;
		  return _S_construct_aux(__beg, __end, __a, _Integral());
	        }
	
	      // For Input Iterators, used in istreambuf_iterators, etc.
	      template<class _InIterator>
	        static _CharT*
	         _S_construct(_InIterator __beg, _InIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a,
			      input_iterator_tag);
	
	      // For forward_iterators up to random_access_iterators, used for
	      // string::iterator, _CharT*, etc.
	      template<class _FwdIterator>
	        static _CharT*
	        _S_construct(_FwdIterator __beg, _FwdIterator __end, const _Alloc& __a,
			     forward_iterator_tag);
	
	      static _CharT*
	      _S_construct(size_type __req, _CharT __c, const _Alloc& __a);
	
	    public:
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Copy substring into C string.
	       *  @param __s  C string to copy value into.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters to copy.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of first character to copy.
	       *  @return  Number of characters actually copied
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If __pos > size().
	       *
	       *  Copies up to @a __n characters starting at @a __pos into the
	       *  C string @a __s.  If @a __pos is %greater than size(),
	       *  out_of_range is thrown.
	      */
	      size_type
	      copy(_CharT* __s, size_type __n, size_type __pos = 0) const;
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Swap contents with another string.
	       *  @param __s  String to swap with.
	       *
	       *  Exchanges the contents of this string with that of @a __s in constant
	       *  time.
	      */
	      // PR 58265, this should be noexcept.
	      void
	      swap(basic_string& __s);
	
	      // String operations:
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Return const pointer to null-terminated contents.
	       *
	       *  This is a handle to internal data.  Do not modify or dire things may
	       *  happen.
	      */
	      const _CharT*
	      c_str() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return _M_data(); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Return const pointer to contents.
	       *
	       *  This is a pointer to internal data.  It is undefined to modify
	       *  the contents through the returned pointer. To get a pointer that
	       *  allows modifying the contents use @c &str[0] instead,
	       *  (or in C++17 the non-const @c str.data() overload).
	      */
	      const _CharT*
	      data() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return _M_data(); }
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Return non-const pointer to contents.
	       *
	       *  This is a pointer to the character sequence held by the string.
	       *  Modifying the characters in the sequence is allowed.
	      */
	      _CharT*
	      data() noexcept
	      {
		_M_leak();
		return _M_data();
	      }
	#endif
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Return copy of allocator used to construct this string.
	      */
	      allocator_type
	      get_allocator() const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return _M_dataplus; }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a C substring.
	       *  @param __s  C string to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters from @a s to search for.
	       *  @return  Index of start of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the first @a
	       *  __n characters in @a __s within this string.  If found,
	       *  returns the index where it begins.  If not found, returns
	       *  npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a string.
	       *  @param __str  String to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of start of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for value of @a __str within
	       *  this string.  If found, returns the index where it begins.  If not
	       *  found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return this->find(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a C string.
	       *  @param __s  C string to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of start of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the value of @a
	       *  __s within this string.  If found, returns the index where
	       *  it begins.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
		return this->find(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a character.
	       *  @param __c  Character to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for @a __c within
	       *  this string.  If found, returns the index where it was
	       *  found.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a string_view.
	       *  @param __svt  The object convertible to string_view to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of start of first occurrence.
	      */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
		find(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = 0) const
		noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->find(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
		}
	#endif // C++17
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a string.
	       *  @param __str  String to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of start of last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for value of @a
	       *  __str within this string.  If found, returns the index where
	       *  it begins.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      rfind(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return this->rfind(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a C substring.
	       *  @param __s  C string to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters from s to search for.
	       *  @return  Index of start of last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for the first @a
	       *  __n characters in @a __s within this string.  If found,
	       *  returns the index where it begins.  If not found, returns
	       *  npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a C string.
	       *  @param __s  C string to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to start search at (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of start of  last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for the value of
	       *  @a __s within this string.  If found, returns the index
	       *  where it begins.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      rfind(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
		return this->rfind(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a character.
	       *  @param __c  Character to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for @a __c within
	       *  this string.  If found, returns the index where it was
	       *  found.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      rfind(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a string_view.
	       *  @param __svt  The object convertible to string_view to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of start of last occurrence.
	      */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
		rfind(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = npos) const
		noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->rfind(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
		}
	#endif // C++17
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a character of string.
	       *  @param __str  String containing characters to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
	       *  characters of @a __str within this string.  If found,
	       *  returns the index where it was found.  If not found, returns
	       *  npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_first_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return this->find_first_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a character of C substring.
	       *  @param __s  String containing characters to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters from s to search for.
	       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
	       *  first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string.  If
	       *  found, returns the index where it was found.  If not found,
	       *  returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a character of C string.
	       *  @param __s  String containing characters to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for one of the
	       *  characters of @a __s within this string.  If found, returns
	       *  the index where it was found.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_first_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
		return this->find_first_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a character.
	       *  @param __c  Character to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for the character
	       *  @a __c within this string.  If found, returns the index
	       *  where it was found.  If not found, returns npos.
	       *
	       *  Note: equivalent to find(__c, __pos).
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_first_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return this->find(__c, __pos); }
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a character of a string_view.
	       *  @param __svt  An object convertible to string_view containing
	       *                characters to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
	      */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
		find_first_of(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = 0) const
		noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->find_first_of(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
		}
	#endif // C++17
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a character of string.
	       *  @param __str  String containing characters to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
	       *  characters of @a __str within this string.  If found,
	       *  returns the index where it was found.  If not found, returns
	       *  npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_last_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return this->find_last_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a character of C substring.
	       *  @param __s  C string containing characters to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters from s to search for.
	       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
	       *  first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string.  If
	       *  found, returns the index where it was found.  If not found,
	       *  returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos, size_type __n) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a character of C string.
	       *  @param __s  C string containing characters to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for one of the
	       *  characters of @a __s within this string.  If found, returns
	       *  the index where it was found.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_last_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
		return this->find_last_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a character.
	       *  @param __c  Character to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for @a __c within
	       *  this string.  If found, returns the index where it was
	       *  found.  If not found, returns npos.
	       *
	       *  Note: equivalent to rfind(__c, __pos).
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_last_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return this->rfind(__c, __pos); }
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a character of string.
	       *  @param __svt  An object convertible to string_view containing
	       *                characters to locate.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
	      */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
		find_last_of(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = npos) const
		noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->find_last_of(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
		}
	#endif // C++17
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a character not in string.
	       *  @param __str  String containing characters to avoid.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not contained
	       *  in @a __str within this string.  If found, returns the index where it
	       *  was found.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_first_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = 0) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return this->find_first_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a character not in C substring.
	       *  @param __s  C string containing characters to avoid.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters from __s to consider.
	       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not
	       *  contained in the first @a __n characters of @a __s within
	       *  this string.  If found, returns the index where it was
	       *  found.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
				size_type __n) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a character not in C string.
	       *  @param __s  C string containing characters to avoid.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character not
	       *  contained in @a __s within this string.  If found, returns
	       *  the index where it was found.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_first_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = 0) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
		return this->find_first_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a different character.
	       *  @param __c  Character to avoid.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches forward for a character
	       *  other than @a __c within this string.  If found, returns the
	       *  index where it was found.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_first_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = 0) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find position of a character not in a string_view.
	       *  @param __svt  An object convertible to string_view containing
	       *                characters to avoid.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search from (default 0).
	       *  @return  Index of first occurrence.
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
		find_first_not_of(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = 0) const
		noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->find_first_not_of(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
		}
	#endif // C++17
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a character not in string.
	       *  @param __str  String containing characters to avoid.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character
	       *  not contained in @a __str within this string.  If found,
	       *  returns the index where it was found.  If not found, returns
	       *  npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_last_not_of(const basic_string& __str, size_type __pos = npos) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      { return this->find_last_not_of(__str.data(), __pos, __str.size()); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a character not in C substring.
	       *  @param __s  C string containing characters to avoid.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters from s to consider.
	       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character not
	       *  contained in the first @a __n characters of @a __s within this string.
	       *  If found, returns the index where it was found.  If not found,
	       *  returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos,
			       size_type __n) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a character not in C string.
	       *  @param __s  C string containing characters to avoid.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character
	       *  not contained in @a __s within this string.  If found,
	       *  returns the index where it was found.  If not found, returns
	       *  npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_last_not_of(const _CharT* __s, size_type __pos = npos) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	      {
		__glibcxx_requires_string(__s);
		return this->find_last_not_of(__s, __pos, traits_type::length(__s));
	      }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a different character.
	       *  @param __c  Character to avoid.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
	       *
	       *  Starting from @a __pos, searches backward for a character other than
	       *  @a __c within this string.  If found, returns the index where it was
	       *  found.  If not found, returns npos.
	      */
	      size_type
	      find_last_not_of(_CharT __c, size_type __pos = npos) const
	      _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Find last position of a character not in a string_view.
	       *  @param __svt  An object convertible to string_view containing
	       *                characters to avoid.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of character to search back from (default end).
	       *  @return  Index of last occurrence.
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, size_type>
		find_last_not_of(const _Tp& __svt, size_type __pos = npos) const
		noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return this->find_last_not_of(__sv.data(), __pos, __sv.size());
		}
	#endif // C++17
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Get a substring.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of first character (default 0).
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters in substring (default remainder).
	       *  @return  The new string.
	       *  @throw  std::out_of_range  If __pos > size().
	       *
	       *  Construct and return a new string using the @a __n
	       *  characters starting at @a __pos.  If the string is too
	       *  short, use the remainder of the characters.  If @a __pos is
	       *  beyond the end of the string, out_of_range is thrown.
	      */
	      basic_string
	      substr(size_type __pos = 0, size_type __n = npos) const
	      { return basic_string(*this,
				    _M_check(__pos, "basic_string::substr"), __n); }
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Compare to a string.
	       *  @param __str  String to compare against.
	       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
	       *
	       *  Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a
	       *  __str, 0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this
	       *  string is ordered after @a __str.  Determines the effective
	       *  length rlen of the strings to compare as the smallest of
	       *  size() and str.size().  The function then compares the two
	       *  strings by calling traits::compare(data(), str.data(),rlen).
	       *  If the result of the comparison is nonzero returns it,
	       *  otherwise the shorter one is ordered first.
	      */
	      int
	      compare(const basic_string& __str) const
	      {
		const size_type __size = this->size();
		const size_type __osize = __str.size();
		const size_type __len = std::min(__size, __osize);
	
		int __r = traits_type::compare(_M_data(), __str.data(), __len);
		if (!__r)
		  __r = _S_compare(__size, __osize);
		return __r;
	      }
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201402L
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Compare to a string_view.
	       *  @param __svt An object convertible to string_view to compare against.
	       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, int>
		compare(const _Tp& __svt) const
		noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
		{
		   __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  const size_type __size = this->size();
		  const size_type __osize = __sv.size();
		  const size_type __len = std::min(__size, __osize);
	
		  int __r = traits_type::compare(_M_data(), __sv.data(), __len);
		  if (!__r)
		    __r = _S_compare(__size, __osize);
		  return __r;
		}
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Compare to a string_view.
	       *  @param __pos  A position in the string to start comparing from.
	       *  @param __n  The number of characters to compare.
	       *  @param __svt  An object convertible to string_view to compare
	       *                against.
	       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, int>
		compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const _Tp& __svt) const
		noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return __sv_type(*this).substr(__pos, __n).compare(__sv);
		}
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Compare to a string_view.
	       *  @param __pos1  A position in the string to start comparing from.
	       *  @param __n1  The number of characters to compare.
	       *  @param __svt   An object convertible to string_view to compare
	       *                 against.
	       *  @param __pos2  A position in the string_view to start comparing from.
	       *  @param __n2  The number of characters to compare.
	       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
	       */
	      template<typename _Tp>
		_If_sv<_Tp, int>
		compare(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const _Tp& __svt,
			size_type __pos2, size_type __n2 = npos) const
		noexcept(is_same<_Tp, __sv_type>::value)
		{
		  __sv_type __sv = __svt;
		  return __sv_type(*this)
		    .substr(__pos1, __n1).compare(__sv.substr(__pos2, __n2));
		}
	#endif // C++17
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Compare substring to a string.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of first character of substring.
	       *  @param __n  Number of characters in substring.
	       *  @param __str  String to compare against.
	       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
	       *
	       *  Form the substring of this string from the @a __n characters
	       *  starting at @a __pos.  Returns an integer < 0 if the
	       *  substring is ordered before @a __str, 0 if their values are
	       *  equivalent, or > 0 if the substring is ordered after @a
	       *  __str.  Determines the effective length rlen of the strings
	       *  to compare as the smallest of the length of the substring
	       *  and @a __str.size().  The function then compares the two
	       *  strings by calling
	       *  traits::compare(substring.data(),str.data(),rlen).  If the
	       *  result of the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise
	       *  the shorter one is ordered first.
	      */
	      int
	      compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n, const basic_string& __str) const;
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Compare substring to a substring.
	       *  @param __pos1  Index of first character of substring.
	       *  @param __n1  Number of characters in substring.
	       *  @param __str  String to compare against.
	       *  @param __pos2  Index of first character of substring of str.
	       *  @param __n2  Number of characters in substring of str.
	       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
	       *
	       *  Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
	       *  characters starting at @a __pos1.  Form the substring of @a
	       *  __str from the @a __n2 characters starting at @a __pos2.
	       *  Returns an integer < 0 if this substring is ordered before
	       *  the substring of @a __str, 0 if their values are equivalent,
	       *  or > 0 if this substring is ordered after the substring of
	       *  @a __str.  Determines the effective length rlen of the
	       *  strings to compare as the smallest of the lengths of the
	       *  substrings.  The function then compares the two strings by
	       *  calling
	       *  traits::compare(substring.data(),str.substr(pos2,n2).data(),rlen).
	       *  If the result of the comparison is nonzero returns it,
	       *  otherwise the shorter one is ordered first.
	      */
	      int
	      compare(size_type __pos1, size_type __n1, const basic_string& __str,
		      size_type __pos2, size_type __n2 = npos) const;
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Compare to a C string.
	       *  @param __s  C string to compare against.
	       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
	       *
	       *  Returns an integer < 0 if this string is ordered before @a __s, 0 if
	       *  their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this string is ordered after
	       *  @a __s.  Determines the effective length rlen of the strings to
	       *  compare as the smallest of size() and the length of a string
	       *  constructed from @a __s.  The function then compares the two strings
	       *  by calling traits::compare(data(),s,rlen).  If the result of the
	       *  comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter one is
	       *  ordered first.
	      */
	      int
	      compare(const _CharT* __s) const _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT;
	
	      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
	      // 5 String::compare specification questionable
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Compare substring to a C string.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of first character of substring.
	       *  @param __n1  Number of characters in substring.
	       *  @param __s  C string to compare against.
	       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
	       *
	       *  Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
	       *  characters starting at @a pos.  Returns an integer < 0 if
	       *  the substring is ordered before @a __s, 0 if their values
	       *  are equivalent, or > 0 if the substring is ordered after @a
	       *  __s.  Determines the effective length rlen of the strings to
	       *  compare as the smallest of the length of the substring and
	       *  the length of a string constructed from @a __s.  The
	       *  function then compares the two string by calling
	       *  traits::compare(substring.data(),__s,rlen).  If the result of
	       *  the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter
	       *  one is ordered first.
	      */
	      int
	      compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s) const;
	
	      /**
	       *  @brief  Compare substring against a character %array.
	       *  @param __pos  Index of first character of substring.
	       *  @param __n1  Number of characters in substring.
	       *  @param __s  character %array to compare against.
	       *  @param __n2  Number of characters of s.
	       *  @return  Integer < 0, 0, or > 0.
	       *
	       *  Form the substring of this string from the @a __n1
	       *  characters starting at @a __pos.  Form a string from the
	       *  first @a __n2 characters of @a __s.  Returns an integer < 0
	       *  if this substring is ordered before the string from @a __s,
	       *  0 if their values are equivalent, or > 0 if this substring
	       *  is ordered after the string from @a __s.  Determines the
	       *  effective length rlen of the strings to compare as the
	       *  smallest of the length of the substring and @a __n2.  The
	       *  function then compares the two strings by calling
	       *  traits::compare(substring.data(),s,rlen).  If the result of
	       *  the comparison is nonzero returns it, otherwise the shorter
	       *  one is ordered first.
	       *
	       *  NB: s must have at least n2 characters, &apos;\\0&apos; has
	       *  no special meaning.
	      */
	      int
	      compare(size_type __pos, size_type __n1, const _CharT* __s,
		      size_type __n2) const;
	
	# ifdef _GLIBCXX_TM_TS_INTERNAL
	      friend void
	      ::_txnal_cow_string_C1_for_exceptions(void* that, const char* s,
						    void* exc);
	      friend const char*
	      ::_txnal_cow_string_c_str(const void *that);
	      friend void
	      ::_txnal_cow_string_D1(void *that);
	      friend void
	      ::_txnal_cow_string_D1_commit(void *that);
	# endif
	  };
	#endif  // !_GLIBCXX_USE_CXX11_ABI
	
	  // operator+
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Concatenate two strings.
	   *  @param __lhs  First string.
	   *  @param __rhs  Last string.
	   *  @return  New string with value of @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
	    operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
		      const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
	    {
	      basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc> __str(__lhs);
	      __str.append(__rhs);
	      return __str;
	    }
	
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Concatenate C string and string.
	   *  @param __lhs  First string.
	   *  @param __rhs  Last string.
	   *  @return  New string with value of @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>
	    operator+(const _CharT* __lhs,
		      const basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>& __rhs);
	
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Concatenate character and string.
	   *  @param __lhs  First string.
	   *  @param __rhs  Last string.
	   *  @return  New string with @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>
	    operator+(_CharT __lhs, const basic_string<_CharT,_Traits,_Alloc>& __rhs);
	
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Concatenate string and C string.
	   *  @param __lhs  First string.
	   *  @param __rhs  Last string.
	   *  @return  New string with @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
	    operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
		      const _CharT* __rhs)
	    {
	      basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc> __str(__lhs);
	      __str.append(__rhs);
	      return __str;
	    }
	
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Concatenate string and character.
	   *  @param __lhs  First string.
	   *  @param __rhs  Last string.
	   *  @return  New string with @a __lhs followed by @a __rhs.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
	    operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs, _CharT __rhs)
	    {
	      typedef basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>	__string_type;
	      typedef typename __string_type::size_type		__size_type;
	      __string_type __str(__lhs);
	      __str.append(__size_type(1), __rhs);
	      return __str;
	    }
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
	    operator+(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __lhs,
		      const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
	    { return std::move(__lhs.append(__rhs)); }
	
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
	    operator+(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
		      basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __rhs)
	    { return std::move(__rhs.insert(0, __lhs)); }
	
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
	    operator+(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __lhs,
		      basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __rhs)
	    {
	      const auto __size = __lhs.size() + __rhs.size();
	      const bool __cond = (__size > __lhs.capacity()
				   && __size <= __rhs.capacity());
	      return __cond ? std::move(__rhs.insert(0, __lhs))
		            : std::move(__lhs.append(__rhs));
	    }
	
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
	    operator+(const _CharT* __lhs,
		      basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __rhs)
	    { return std::move(__rhs.insert(0, __lhs)); }
	
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
	    operator+(_CharT __lhs,
		      basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __rhs)
	    { return std::move(__rhs.insert(0, 1, __lhs)); }
	
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
	    operator+(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __lhs,
		      const _CharT* __rhs)
	    { return std::move(__lhs.append(__rhs)); }
	
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>
	    operator+(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>&& __lhs,
		      _CharT __rhs)
	    { return std::move(__lhs.append(1, __rhs)); }
	#endif
	
	  // operator ==
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Test equivalence of two strings.
	   *  @param __lhs  First string.
	   *  @param __rhs  Second string.
	   *  @return  True if @a __lhs.compare(@a __rhs) == 0.  False otherwise.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline bool
	    operator==(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
		       const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
	    _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) == 0; }
	
	  template<typename _CharT>
	    inline
	    typename __gnu_cxx::__enable_if<__is_char<_CharT>::__value, bool>::__type
	    operator==(const basic_string<_CharT>& __lhs,
		       const basic_string<_CharT>& __rhs) _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	    { return (__lhs.size() == __rhs.size()
		      && !std::char_traits<_CharT>::compare(__lhs.data(), __rhs.data(),
							    __lhs.size())); }
	
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Test equivalence of C string and string.
	   *  @param __lhs  C string.
	   *  @param __rhs  String.
	   *  @return  True if @a __rhs.compare(@a __lhs) == 0.  False otherwise.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline bool
	    operator==(const _CharT* __lhs,
		       const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
	    { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) == 0; }
	
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Test equivalence of string and C string.
	   *  @param __lhs  String.
	   *  @param __rhs  C string.
	   *  @return  True if @a __lhs.compare(@a __rhs) == 0.  False otherwise.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline bool
	    operator==(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
		       const _CharT* __rhs)
	    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) == 0; }
	
	  // operator !=
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Test difference of two strings.
	   *  @param __lhs  First string.
	   *  @param __rhs  Second string.
	   *  @return  True if @a __lhs.compare(@a __rhs) != 0.  False otherwise.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline bool
	    operator!=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
		       const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
	    _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	    { return !(__lhs == __rhs); }
	
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Test difference of C string and string.
	   *  @param __lhs  C string.
	   *  @param __rhs  String.
	   *  @return  True if @a __rhs.compare(@a __lhs) != 0.  False otherwise.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline bool
	    operator!=(const _CharT* __lhs,
		       const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
	    { return !(__lhs == __rhs); }
	
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Test difference of string and C string.
	   *  @param __lhs  String.
	   *  @param __rhs  C string.
	   *  @return  True if @a __lhs.compare(@a __rhs) != 0.  False otherwise.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline bool
	    operator!=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
		       const _CharT* __rhs)
	    { return !(__lhs == __rhs); }
	
	  // operator <
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Test if string precedes string.
	   *  @param __lhs  First string.
	   *  @param __rhs  Second string.
	   *  @return  True if @a __lhs precedes @a __rhs.  False otherwise.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline bool
	    operator<(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
		      const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
	    _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) < 0; }
	
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Test if string precedes C string.
	   *  @param __lhs  String.
	   *  @param __rhs  C string.
	   *  @return  True if @a __lhs precedes @a __rhs.  False otherwise.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline bool
	    operator<(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
		      const _CharT* __rhs)
	    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) < 0; }
	
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Test if C string precedes string.
	   *  @param __lhs  C string.
	   *  @param __rhs  String.
	   *  @return  True if @a __lhs precedes @a __rhs.  False otherwise.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline bool
	    operator<(const _CharT* __lhs,
		      const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
	    { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) > 0; }
	
	  // operator >
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Test if string follows string.
	   *  @param __lhs  First string.
	   *  @param __rhs  Second string.
	   *  @return  True if @a __lhs follows @a __rhs.  False otherwise.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline bool
	    operator>(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
		      const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
	    _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) > 0; }
	
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Test if string follows C string.
	   *  @param __lhs  String.
	   *  @param __rhs  C string.
	   *  @return  True if @a __lhs follows @a __rhs.  False otherwise.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline bool
	    operator>(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
		      const _CharT* __rhs)
	    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) > 0; }
	
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Test if C string follows string.
	   *  @param __lhs  C string.
	   *  @param __rhs  String.
	   *  @return  True if @a __lhs follows @a __rhs.  False otherwise.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline bool
	    operator>(const _CharT* __lhs,
		      const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
	    { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) < 0; }
	
	  // operator <=
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Test if string doesn't follow string.
	   *  @param __lhs  First string.
	   *  @param __rhs  Second string.
	   *  @return  True if @a __lhs doesn't follow @a __rhs.  False otherwise.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline bool
	    operator<=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
		       const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
	    _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) <= 0; }
	
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Test if string doesn't follow C string.
	   *  @param __lhs  String.
	   *  @param __rhs  C string.
	   *  @return  True if @a __lhs doesn't follow @a __rhs.  False otherwise.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline bool
	    operator<=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
		       const _CharT* __rhs)
	    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) <= 0; }
	
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Test if C string doesn't follow string.
	   *  @param __lhs  C string.
	   *  @param __rhs  String.
	   *  @return  True if @a __lhs doesn't follow @a __rhs.  False otherwise.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline bool
	    operator<=(const _CharT* __lhs,
		       const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
	    { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) >= 0; }
	
	  // operator >=
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Test if string doesn't precede string.
	   *  @param __lhs  First string.
	   *  @param __rhs  Second string.
	   *  @return  True if @a __lhs doesn't precede @a __rhs.  False otherwise.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline bool
	    operator>=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
		       const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
	    _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT
	    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) >= 0; }
	
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Test if string doesn't precede C string.
	   *  @param __lhs  String.
	   *  @param __rhs  C string.
	   *  @return  True if @a __lhs doesn't precede @a __rhs.  False otherwise.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline bool
	    operator>=(const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
		       const _CharT* __rhs)
	    { return __lhs.compare(__rhs) >= 0; }
	
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Test if C string doesn't precede string.
	   *  @param __lhs  C string.
	   *  @param __rhs  String.
	   *  @return  True if @a __lhs doesn't precede @a __rhs.  False otherwise.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline bool
	    operator>=(const _CharT* __lhs,
		     const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
	    { return __rhs.compare(__lhs) <= 0; }
	
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Swap contents of two strings.
	   *  @param __lhs  First string.
	   *  @param __rhs  Second string.
	   *
	   *  Exchanges the contents of @a __lhs and @a __rhs in constant time.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline void
	    swap(basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __lhs,
		 basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __rhs)
	    _GLIBCXX_NOEXCEPT_IF(noexcept(__lhs.swap(__rhs)))
	    { __lhs.swap(__rhs); }
	
	
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Read stream into a string.
	   *  @param __is  Input stream.
	   *  @param __str  Buffer to store into.
	   *  @return  Reference to the input stream.
	   *
	   *  Stores characters from @a __is into @a __str until whitespace is
	   *  found, the end of the stream is encountered, or str.max_size()
	   *  is reached.  If is.width() is non-zero, that is the limit on the
	   *  number of characters stored into @a __str.  Any previous
	   *  contents of @a __str are erased.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
	    operator>>(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
		       basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str);
	
	  template<>
	    basic_istream<char>&
	    operator>>(basic_istream<char>& __is, basic_string<char>& __str);
	
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Write string to a stream.
	   *  @param __os  Output stream.
	   *  @param __str  String to write out.
	   *  @return  Reference to the output stream.
	   *
	   *  Output characters of @a __str into os following the same rules as for
	   *  writing a C string.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>&
	    operator<<(basic_ostream<_CharT, _Traits>& __os,
		       const basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str)
	    {
	      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
	      // 586. string inserter not a formatted function
	      return __ostream_insert(__os, __str.data(), __str.size());
	    }
	
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Read a line from stream into a string.
	   *  @param __is  Input stream.
	   *  @param __str  Buffer to store into.
	   *  @param __delim  Character marking end of line.
	   *  @return  Reference to the input stream.
	   *
	   *  Stores characters from @a __is into @a __str until @a __delim is
	   *  found, the end of the stream is encountered, or str.max_size()
	   *  is reached.  Any previous contents of @a __str are erased.  If
	   *  @a __delim is encountered, it is extracted but not stored into
	   *  @a __str.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
	    getline(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
		    basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str, _CharT __delim);
	
	  /**
	   *  @brief  Read a line from stream into a string.
	   *  @param __is  Input stream.
	   *  @param __str  Buffer to store into.
	   *  @return  Reference to the input stream.
	   *
	   *  Stores characters from is into @a __str until &apos;\n&apos; is
	   *  found, the end of the stream is encountered, or str.max_size()
	   *  is reached.  Any previous contents of @a __str are erased.  If
	   *  end of line is encountered, it is extracted but not stored into
	   *  @a __str.
	   */
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
	    getline(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>& __is,
		    basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str)
	    { return std::getline(__is, __str, __is.widen('\n')); }
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	  /// Read a line from an rvalue stream into a string.
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
	    getline(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&& __is,
		    basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str, _CharT __delim)
	    { return std::getline(__is, __str, __delim); }
	
	  /// Read a line from an rvalue stream into a string.
	  template<typename _CharT, typename _Traits, typename _Alloc>
	    inline basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&
	    getline(basic_istream<_CharT, _Traits>&& __is,
		    basic_string<_CharT, _Traits, _Alloc>& __str)
	    { return std::getline(__is, __str); }
	#endif
	
	  template<>
	    basic_istream<char>&
	    getline(basic_istream<char>& __in, basic_string<char>& __str,
		    char __delim);
	
	#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
	  template<>
	    basic_istream<wchar_t>&
	    getline(basic_istream<wchar_t>& __in, basic_string<wchar_t>& __str,
		    wchar_t __delim);
	#endif  
	
	_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
	} // namespace
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	
	#include <ext/string_conversions.h>
	
	namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
	{
	_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
	_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_CXX11
	
	#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDLIB
	  // 21.4 Numeric Conversions [string.conversions].
	  inline int
	  stoi(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa<long, int>(&std::strtol, "stoi", __str.c_str(),
						__idx, __base); }
	
	  inline long
	  stol(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtol, "stol", __str.c_str(),
				     __idx, __base); }
	
	  inline unsigned long
	  stoul(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtoul, "stoul", __str.c_str(),
				     __idx, __base); }
	
	  inline long long
	  stoll(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtoll, "stoll", __str.c_str(),
				     __idx, __base); }
	
	  inline unsigned long long
	  stoull(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtoull, "stoull", __str.c_str(),
				     __idx, __base); }
	
	  // NB: strtof vs strtod.
	  inline float
	  stof(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtof, "stof", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
	
	  inline double
	  stod(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtod, "stod", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
	
	  inline long double
	  stold(const string& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::strtold, "stold", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
	#endif // _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDLIB
	
	#if _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDIO
	  // NB: (v)snprintf vs sprintf.
	
	  // DR 1261.
	  inline string
	  to_string(int __val)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf, 4 * sizeof(int),
						   "%d", __val); }
	
	  inline string
	  to_string(unsigned __val)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf,
						   4 * sizeof(unsigned),
						   "%u", __val); }
	
	  inline string
	  to_string(long __val)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf, 4 * sizeof(long),
						   "%ld", __val); }
	
	  inline string
	  to_string(unsigned long __val)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf,
						   4 * sizeof(unsigned long),
						   "%lu", __val); }
	
	  inline string
	  to_string(long long __val)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf,
						   4 * sizeof(long long),
						   "%lld", __val); }
	
	  inline string
	  to_string(unsigned long long __val)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf,
						   4 * sizeof(unsigned long long),
						   "%llu", __val); }
	
	  inline string
	  to_string(float __val)
	  {
	    const int __n = 
	      __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<float>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
	    return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf, __n,
						   "%f", __val);
	  }
	
	  inline string
	  to_string(double __val)
	  {
	    const int __n = 
	      __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<double>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
	    return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf, __n,
						   "%f", __val);
	  }
	
	  inline string
	  to_string(long double __val)
	  {
	    const int __n = 
	      __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<long double>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
	    return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<string>(&std::vsnprintf, __n,
						   "%Lf", __val);
	  }
	#endif // _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDIO
	
	#if defined(_GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T) && _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_WCHAR
	  inline int 
	  stoi(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa<long, int>(&std::wcstol, "stoi", __str.c_str(),
						__idx, __base); }
	
	  inline long 
	  stol(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstol, "stol", __str.c_str(),
				     __idx, __base); }
	
	  inline unsigned long
	  stoul(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstoul, "stoul", __str.c_str(),
				     __idx, __base); }
	
	  inline long long
	  stoll(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstoll, "stoll", __str.c_str(),
				     __idx, __base); }
	
	  inline unsigned long long
	  stoull(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0, int __base = 10)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstoull, "stoull", __str.c_str(),
				     __idx, __base); }
	
	  // NB: wcstof vs wcstod.
	  inline float
	  stof(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstof, "stof", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
	
	  inline double
	  stod(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstod, "stod", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
	
	  inline long double
	  stold(const wstring& __str, size_t* __idx = 0)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__stoa(&std::wcstold, "stold", __str.c_str(), __idx); }
	
	#ifndef _GLIBCXX_HAVE_BROKEN_VSWPRINTF
	  // DR 1261.
	  inline wstring
	  to_wstring(int __val)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf, 4 * sizeof(int),
						    L"%d", __val); }
	
	  inline wstring
	  to_wstring(unsigned __val)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf,
						    4 * sizeof(unsigned),
						    L"%u", __val); }
	
	  inline wstring
	  to_wstring(long __val)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf, 4 * sizeof(long),
						    L"%ld", __val); }
	
	  inline wstring
	  to_wstring(unsigned long __val)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf,
						    4 * sizeof(unsigned long),
						    L"%lu", __val); }
	
	  inline wstring
	  to_wstring(long long __val)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf,
						    4 * sizeof(long long),
						    L"%lld", __val); }
	
	  inline wstring
	  to_wstring(unsigned long long __val)
	  { return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf,
						    4 * sizeof(unsigned long long),
						    L"%llu", __val); }
	
	  inline wstring
	  to_wstring(float __val)
	  {
	    const int __n =
	      __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<float>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
	    return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf, __n,
						    L"%f", __val);
	  }
	
	  inline wstring
	  to_wstring(double __val)
	  {
	    const int __n =
	      __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<double>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
	    return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf, __n,
						    L"%f", __val);
	  }
	
	  inline wstring
	  to_wstring(long double __val)
	  {
	    const int __n =
	      __gnu_cxx::__numeric_traits<long double>::__max_exponent10 + 20;
	    return __gnu_cxx::__to_xstring<wstring>(&std::vswprintf, __n,
						    L"%Lf", __val);
	  }
	#endif // _GLIBCXX_HAVE_BROKEN_VSWPRINTF
	#endif // _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T && _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_WCHAR
	
	_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_CXX11
	_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
	} // namespace
	
	#endif /* C++11 */
	
	#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
	
	#include <bits/functional_hash.h>
	
	namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
	{
	_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
	
	  // DR 1182.
	
	#ifndef _GLIBCXX_COMPATIBILITY_CXX0X
	  /// std::hash specialization for string.
	  template<>
	    struct hash<string>
	    : public __hash_base<size_t, string>
	    {
	      size_t
	      operator()(const string& __s) const noexcept
	      { return std::_Hash_impl::hash(__s.data(), __s.length()); }
	    };
	
	  template<>
	    struct __is_fast_hash<hash<string>> : std::false_type
	    { };
	
	#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
	  /// std::hash specialization for wstring.
	  template<>
	    struct hash<wstring>
	    : public __hash_base<size_t, wstring>
	    {
	      size_t
	      operator()(const wstring& __s) const noexcept
	      { return std::_Hash_impl::hash(__s.data(),
	                                     __s.length() * sizeof(wchar_t)); }
	    };
	
	  template<>
	    struct __is_fast_hash<hash<wstring>> : std::false_type
	    { };
	#endif
	#endif /* _GLIBCXX_COMPATIBILITY_CXX0X */
	
	#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDINT_TR1
	  /// std::hash specialization for u16string.
	  template<>
	    struct hash<u16string>
	    : public __hash_base<size_t, u16string>
	    {
	      size_t
	      operator()(const u16string& __s) const noexcept
	      { return std::_Hash_impl::hash(__s.data(),
	                                     __s.length() * sizeof(char16_t)); }
	    };
	
	  template<>
	    struct __is_fast_hash<hash<u16string>> : std::false_type
	    { };
	
	  /// std::hash specialization for u32string.
	  template<>
	    struct hash<u32string>
	    : public __hash_base<size_t, u32string>
	    {
	      size_t
	      operator()(const u32string& __s) const noexcept
	      { return std::_Hash_impl::hash(__s.data(),
	                                     __s.length() * sizeof(char32_t)); }
	    };
	
	  template<>
	    struct __is_fast_hash<hash<u32string>> : std::false_type
	    { };
	#endif
	
	_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
	
	#if __cplusplus > 201103L
	
	#define __cpp_lib_string_udls 201304
	
	  inline namespace literals
	  {
	  inline namespace string_literals
	  {
	_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION
	
	    _GLIBCXX_DEFAULT_ABI_TAG
	    inline basic_string<char>
	    operator""s(const char* __str, size_t __len)
	    { return basic_string<char>{__str, __len}; }
	
	#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_WCHAR_T
	    _GLIBCXX_DEFAULT_ABI_TAG
	    inline basic_string<wchar_t>
	    operator""s(const wchar_t* __str, size_t __len)
	    { return basic_string<wchar_t>{__str, __len}; }
	#endif
	
	#ifdef _GLIBCXX_USE_C99_STDINT_TR1
	    _GLIBCXX_DEFAULT_ABI_TAG
	    inline basic_string<char16_t>
	    operator""s(const char16_t* __str, size_t __len)
	    { return basic_string<char16_t>{__str, __len}; }
	
	    _GLIBCXX_DEFAULT_ABI_TAG
	    inline basic_string<char32_t>
	    operator""s(const char32_t* __str, size_t __len)
	    { return basic_string<char32_t>{__str, __len}; }
	#endif
	
	_GLIBCXX_END_NAMESPACE_VERSION
	  } // inline namespace string_literals
	  } // inline namespace literals
	
	#endif // __cplusplus > 201103L
	
	} // namespace std
	
	#endif // C++11
	
	#endif /* _BASIC_STRING_H */